
图1 PHP Architecture
SAPI提供了一个和外部通信的接口, 对于PHP5.2,默认提供了很多种SAPI, 常见的给apache的mod_php5,CGI,给IIS的ISAPI,还有Shell的CLI,本文就从CGI SAPI入手 ,介绍SAPI的机制。 虽然CGI简单,但是不用担心,它包含了绝大部分内容,足以让你深刻理解SAPI的工作原理。
要定义个SAPI,首先要定义个sapi_module_struct, 查看 PHP-SRC/sapi/cgi/cgi_main.c:
*/static sapi_module_struct cgi_sapi_module = {#if PHP_FASTCGI "cgi-fcgi",/* name */ "CGI/FastCGI", /* pretty name */#else "cgi", /* name */ "CGI", /* pretty name */#endifphp_cgi_startup,/* startup */ php_module_shutdown_wrapper, /* shutdown */NULL, /* activate */ sapi_cgi_deactivate, /* deactivate */sapi_cgibin_ub_write, /* unbuffered write */ sapi_cgibin_flush,/* flush */ NULL, /* get uid */ sapi_cgibin_getenv,/* getenv */php_error,/* error handler */NULL, /* header handler */ sapi_cgi_send_headers, /* send headers handler */ NULL, /* send header handler */sapi_cgi_read_post,/* read POST data */ sapi_cgi_read_cookies, /* read Cookies */sapi_cgi_register_variables, /* register server variables */ sapi_cgi_log_message, /* Log message */ NULL, /* Get request time */STANDARD_SAPI_MODULE_PROPERTIES};这个结构,包含了一些常量,比如name, 这个会在我们调用php_info()的时候被使用。一些初始化,收尾函数,以及一些函数指针,用来告诉Zend,如何获取,和输出数据。 static int php_cgi_startup(sapi_module_struct *sapi_module){ if (php_module_startup(sapi_module, NULL, 0) == FAILURE) {return FAILURE; } return SUCCESS;} static int sapi_cgi_deactivate(TSRMLS_D){ /* flush only when SAPI was started. The reasons are:1. SAPI Deactivate is called from two places: module init and request shutdown2. When the first call occurs and the request is not set up, flush fails on FastCGI. */ if (SG(sapi_started)) {sapi_cgibin_flush(SG(server_context)); } return SUCCESS;}5. sapi_cgibin_ub_write, 这个hanlder告诉了Zend,如何输出数据,对于mod_php来说,这个函数提供了一个向response数据写的接口,而对于CGI来说,只是简单的写到stdout:static inline size_t sapi_cgibin_single_write(const char *str, uint str_length TSRMLS_DC){#ifdef PHP_WRITE_STDOUT long ret;#else size_t ret;#endif#if PHP_FASTCGI if (fcgi_is_fastcgi()) {fcgi_request *request = (fcgi_request*) SG(server_context);long ret = fcgi_write(request, FCGI_STDOUT, str, str_length);if (ret <= 0) { return 0;}return ret; }#endif#ifdef PHP_WRITE_STDOUT ret = write(STDOUT_FILENO, str, str_length); if (ret <= 0) return 0; return ret;#else ret = fwrite(str, 1, MIN(str_length, 16384), stdout); return ret;#endif}static int sapi_cgibin_ub_write(const char *str, uint str_length TSRMLS_DC){ const char *ptr = str; uint remaining = str_length; size_t ret; while (remaining > 0) {ret = sapi_cgibin_single_write(ptr, remaining TSRMLS_CC);if (!ret) { php_handle_aborted_connection(); return str_length - remaining;}ptr += ret;remaining -= ret; } return str_length;}把真正的写的逻辑剥离出来,就是为了简单实现兼容fastcgi的写方式。static char *sapi_cgibin_getenv(char *name, size_t name_len TSRMLS_DC){#if PHP_FASTCGI /* when php is started by mod_fastcgi, no regular environmentis provided to PHP. It is always sent to PHP at the startof a request. So we have to do our own lookup to get envvars. This could probably be faster somehow. */ if (fcgi_is_fastcgi()) {fcgi_request *request = (fcgi_request*) SG(server_context);return fcgi_getenv(request, name, name_len); }#endif /* if cgi, or fastcgi and not found in fcgi envcheck the regular environment */ return getenv(name);}9. php_error, 错误处理函数, 到这里,说几句题外话,上次看到php maillist 提到的使得PHP的错误处理机制完全OO化, 也就是,改写这个函数句柄,使得每当有错误发生的时候,都throw一个异常。而CGI只是简单的调用了PHP提供的错误处理函数。static int sapi_cgi_send_headers(sapi_headers_struct *sapi_headers TSRMLS_DC){ char buf[SAPI_CGI_MAX_HEADER_LENGTH]; sapi_header_struct *h; zend_llist_position pos; if (SG(request_info).no_headers == 1) {return SAPI_HEADER_SENT_SUCCESSFULLY; } if (cgi_nph || SG(sapi_headers).http_response_code != 200) {int len;if (rfc2616_headers && SG(sapi_headers).http_status_line) { len = snprintf(buf, SAPI_CGI_MAX_HEADER_LENGTH, "%s
", SG(sapi_headers).http_status_line); if (len > SAPI_CGI_MAX_HEADER_LENGTH) {len = SAPI_CGI_MAX_HEADER_LENGTH; }} else { len = sprintf(buf, "Status: %d
", SG(sapi_headers).http_response_code);}PHPWRITE_H(buf, len); } h = (sapi_header_struct*)zend_llist_get_first_ex(&sapi_headers->headers, &pos); while (h) {/* prevent CRLFCRLF */if (h->header_len) { PHPWRITE_H(h->header, h->header_len); PHPWRITE_H("
", 2);}h = (sapi_header_struct*)zend_llist_get_next_ex(&sapi_headers->headers, &pos); } PHPWRITE_H("
", 2); return SAPI_HEADER_SENT_SUCCESSFULLY; } 12. NULL, 这个用来单独发送每一个header, CGI没有提供static int sapi_cgi_read_post(char *buffer, uint count_bytes TSRMLS_DC){ uint read_bytes=0, tmp_read_bytes;#if PHP_FASTCGI char *pos = buffer;#endif count_bytes = MIN(count_bytes, (uint) SG(request_info).content_length - SG(read_post_bytes)); while (read_bytes < count_bytes) {#if PHP_FASTCGIif (fcgi_is_fastcgi()) { fcgi_request *request = (fcgi_request*) SG(server_context); tmp_read_bytes = fcgi_read(request, pos, count_bytes - read_bytes); pos += tmp_read_bytes;} else { tmp_read_bytes = read(0, buffer + read_bytes, count_bytes - read_bytes);}#elsetmp_read_bytes = read(0, buffer + read_bytes, count_bytes - read_bytes);#endifif (tmp_read_bytes <= 0) { break;}read_bytes += tmp_read_bytes; } return read_bytes;}14. sapi_cgi_read_cookies, 这个和上面的函数一样,只不过是去获取cookie值:static char *sapi_cgi_read_cookies(TSRMLS_D){ return sapi_cgibin_getenv((char *) "HTTP_COOKIE", sizeof("HTTP_COOKIE")-1 TSRMLS_CC);}15. sapi_cgi_register_variables, 这个函数给了一个接口,用以给$_SERVER变量中添加变量,对于CGI来说,注册了一个PHP_SELF,这样我们就可以在脚本中访问$_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]来获取static void sapi_cgi_register_variables(zval *track_vars_array TSRMLS_DC){ /* In CGI mode, we consider the environment to be a part of the server* variables*/ php_import_environment_variables(track_vars_array TSRMLS_CC); /* Build the special-case PHP_SELF variable for the CGI version */ php_register_variable("PHP_SELF", (SG(request_info).request_uri ? SG(request_info).request_uri : ""), track_vars_array TSRMLS_CC);}16. sapi_cgi_log_message ,用来输出错误信息,对于CGI来说,只是简单的输出到stderr:static void sapi_cgi_log_message(char *message){#if PHP_FASTCGI if (fcgi_is_fastcgi() && fcgi_logging) {fcgi_request *request;TSRMLS_FETCH();request = (fcgi_request*) SG(server_context);if (request) { int len = strlen(message); char *buf = malloc(len+2); memcpy(buf, message, len); memcpy(buf + len, "
", sizeof("
")); fcgi_write(request, FCGI_STDERR, buf, len+1); free(buf);} else { fprintf(stderr, "%s
", message);}/* ignore return code */ } else#endif /* PHP_FASTCGI */ fprintf(stderr, "%s
", message);}经过分析,我们已经了解了一个SAPI是如何实现的了, 分析过CGI以后,我们也就可以想象mod_php, embed等SAPI的实现机制。 :)