本文实例讲述了PHP中Enum(枚举)用法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
PHP其实有Enum类库的,需要安装perl扩展,所以不是php的标准扩展,因此代码的实现需要运行的php环境支持。
(1)扩展类库SplEnum类。该类的摘要如下:
SplEnum extends SplType {/* Constants */const NULL __default = null ;/* 方法 */public array getConstList ([ bool $include_default = false ] )/* 继承的方法 */SplType::__construct ([ mixed $initial_value [, bool $strict ]] )}使用示例:
<?phpclass Month extends SplEnum {const __default = self::January;const January = 1;const February = 2;const March = 3;const April = 4;const May = 5;const June = 6;const July = 7;const August = 8;const September = 9;const October = 10;const November = 11;const December = 12;}echo new Month(Month::June) . PHP_EOL;try {new Month(13);} catch (UnexpectedValueException $uve) {echo $uve->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;}?>输出结果:
6Value not a const in enum Month
(2)自定义的Enum类库
<?php/** * Abstract class that enables creation of PHP enums. All you * have to do is extend this class and define some constants. * Enum is an object with value from on of those constants * (or from on of superclass if any). There is also * __default constat that enables you creation of object * without passing enum value. * * @author Marijan Šuflaj <msufflaj32@gmail.com> * @link http://php4every1.com */abstract class Enum {/** * Constant with default value for creating enum object */const __default = null;private $value;private $strict;private static $constants = array();/** * Returns list of all defined constants in enum class. * Constants value are enum values. * * @param bool $includeDefault If true, default value is included into return * @return array Array with constant values */public function getConstList($includeDefault = false) {$class = get_class($this);if (!array_key_exists($class, self::$constants)) {self::populateConstants();}return $includeDefault ? array_merge(self::$constants[__CLASS_], array("__default" => self::__default)) : self::$constants[__CLASS_];}/** * Creates new enum object. If child class overrides __construct(), * it is required to call parent::__construct() in order for this * class to work as expected. * * @param mixed $initialValue Any value that is exists in defined constants * @param bool $strict If set to true, type and value must be equal * @throws UnexpectedValueException If value is not valid enum value */public function __construct($initialValue = null, $strict = true) {$class = get_class($this);if (!array_key_exists($class, self::$constants)) {self::populateConstants();}if ($initialValue === null) {$initialValue = self::$constants[$class]["__default"];}$temp = self::$constants[$class];if (!in_array($initialValue, $temp, $strict)) {throw new UnexpectedValueException("Value is not in enum " . $class);}$this->value = $initialValue;$this->strict = $strict;}private function populateConstants() {$class = get_class($this);$r = new ReflectionClass($class);$constants = $r->getConstants();self::$constants = array($class => $constants);}/** * Returns string representation of an enum. Defaults to * value casted to string. * * @return string String representation of this enum"s value */public function __toString() {return (string) $this->value;}/** * Checks if two enums are equal. Only value is checked, not class type also. * If enum was created with $strict = true, then strict comparison applies * here also. * * @return bool True if enums are equal */public function equals($object) {if (!($object instanceof Enum)) {return false;}return $this->strict ? ($this->value === $object->value): ($this->value == $object->value);}}使用示例如下:
class MyEnum extends Enum {const HI = "Hi";const BY = "By";const NUMBER = 1;const __default = self::BY;}var_dump(new MyEnum(MyEnum::HI));var_dump(new MyEnum(MyEnum::BY));//Use __defaultvar_dump(new MyEnum());try {new MyEnum("I don"t exist");} catch (UnexpectedValueException $e) {var_dump($e->getMessage());}输出结果如下:
object(MyEnum)#1 (2) { ["value":"Enum":private]=> string(2) "Hi" ["strict":"Enum":private]=> bool(true)}object(MyEnum)#1 (2) { ["value":"Enum":private]=> string(2) "By" ["strict":"Enum":private]=> bool(true)}object(MyEnum)#1 (2) { ["value":"Enum":private]=> string(2) "By" ["strict":"Enum":private]=> bool(true)}string(27) "Value is not in enum MyEnum"希望本文所述对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。