Zend Framework教程之视图组件Zend_View用法详解

本文实例讲述了Zend Framework教程之视图组件Zend_View用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
Zend_View是Zend Framework的视图组件，MVC中的视图层。 Zend_View也是应用的直接对用户展示的页面。这里介绍一下Zend_View的实现类，以及如何和Controller结合在一起的。
View的实现
Zend_View的实现主要是通过如下目录的类实现：
root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend# tree | grep View.php
│   └── View/
├── View.php
root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend/View# tree
.
├── Abstract.php
├── Exception.php
├── Helper
│   ├── Abstract.php
│   ├── Action.php
│   ├── BaseUrl.php
│   ├── Currency.php
│   ├── Cycle.php
│   ├── DeclareVars.php
│   ├── Doctype.php
│   ├── Fieldset.php
│   ├── FormButton.php
│   ├── FormCheckbox.php
│   ├── FormElement.php
│   ├── FormErrors.php
│   ├── FormFile.php
│   ├── FormHidden.php
│   ├── FormImage.php
│   ├── FormLabel.php
│   ├── FormMultiCheckbox.php
│   ├── FormNote.php
│   ├── FormPassword.php
│   ├── Form.php
│   ├── FormRadio.php
│   ├── FormReset.php
│   ├── FormSelect.php
│   ├── FormSubmit.php
│   ├── FormTextarea.php
│   ├── FormText.php
│   ├── Gravatar.php
│   ├── HeadLink.php
│   ├── HeadMeta.php
│   ├── HeadScript.php
│   ├── HeadStyle.php
│   ├── HeadTitle.php
│   ├── HtmlElement.php
│   ├── HtmlFlash.php
│   ├── HtmlList.php
│   ├── HtmlObject.php
│   ├── HtmlPage.php
│   ├── HtmlQuicktime.php
│   ├── InlineScript.php
│   ├── Interface.php
│   ├── Json.php
│   ├── Layout.php
│   ├── Navigation
│   │   ├── Breadcrumbs.php
│   │   ├── HelperAbstract.php
│   │   ├── Helper.php
│   │   ├── Links.php
│   │   ├── Menu.php
│   │   └── Sitemap.php
│   ├── Navigation.php
│   ├── PaginationControl.php
│   ├── Partial
│   │   └── Exception.php
│   ├── PartialLoop.php
│   ├── Partial.php
│   ├── Placeholder
│   │   ├── Container
│   │   │   ├── Abstract.php
│   │   │   ├── Exception.php
│   │   │   └── Standalone.php
│   │   ├── Container.php
│   │   ├── Registry
│   │   │   └── Exception.php
│   │   └── Registry.php
│   ├── Placeholder.php
│   ├── RenderToPlaceholder.php
│   ├── ServerUrl.php
│   ├── TinySrc.php
│   ├── Translate.php
│   ├── Url.php
│   └── UserAgent.php
├── Interface.php
└── Stream.php
6 directories, 70 files
Zend_View和Zend_Controller的整合
主要在Zend_Controller_Action类中,

/** * Initialize View object * * Initializes {@link $view} if not otherwise a Zend_View_Interface. * * If {@link $view} is not otherwise set, instantiates a new Zend_View * object, using the "views" subdirectory at the same level as the * controller directory for the current module as the base directory. * It uses this to set the following: * - script path = views/scripts/ * - helper path = views/helpers/ * - filter path = views/filters/ * * @return Zend_View_Interface * @throws Zend_Controller_Exception if base view directory does not exist */public function initView（）{if （！$this->getInvokeArg（"noViewRenderer"） && $this->_helper->hasHelper（"viewRenderer"）） {return $this->view;}require_once "Zend/View/Interface.php";if （isset（$this->view） && （$this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface）） {return $this->view;}$request = $this->getRequest（）;$module = $request->getModuleName（）;$dirs= $this->getFrontController（）->getControllerDirectory（）;if （empty（$module） || ！isset（$dirs[$module]）） {$module = $this->getFrontController（）->getDispatcher（）->getDefaultModule（）;}$baseDir = dirname（$dirs[$module]） . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . "views";if （！file_exists（$baseDir） || ！is_dir（$baseDir）） {require_once "Zend/Controller/Exception.php";throw new Zend_Controller_Exception（"Missing base view directory （"" . $baseDir . ""）"）;}require_once "Zend/View.php";$this->view = new Zend_View（array（"basePath" => $baseDir））;return $this->view;}/** * Render a view * * Renders a view. By default, views are found in the view script path as * <controller>/<action>.phtml. You may change the script suffix by * resetting {@link $viewSuffix}. You may omit the controller directory * prefix by specifying boolean true for $noController. * * By default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. You may * specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name. * * @see Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract::appendBody（） * @param string|null $action Defaults to action registered in request object * @param string|null $name Response object named path segment to use; defaults to null * @param bool $noController Defaults to false; i.e. use controller name as subdir in which to search for view script * @return void */public function render（$action = null, $name = null, $noController = false）{if （！$this->getInvokeArg（"noViewRenderer"） && $this->_helper->hasHelper（"viewRenderer"）） {return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render（$action, $name, $noController）;}$view= $this->initView（）;$script = $this->getViewScript（$action, $noController）;$this->getResponse（）->appendBody（$view->render（$script）,$name）;}/** * Render a given view script * * Similar to {@link render（）}, this method renders a view script. Unlike render（）, * however, it does not autodetermine the view script via {@link getViewScript（）}, * but instead renders the script passed to it. Use this if you know the * exact view script name and path you wish to use, or if using paths that do not * conform to the spec defined with getViewScript（）. * * By default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. You may * specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name. * * @param string $script * @param string $name * @return void */public function renderScript（$script, $name = null）{if （！$this->getInvokeArg（"noViewRenderer"） && $this->_helper->hasHelper（"viewRenderer"）） {return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript（$script, $name）;}$view = $this->initView（）;$this->getResponse（）->appendBody（$view->render（$script）,$name）;}

Zend_View.php类

<?php/** * Zend Framework * * LICENSE * * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt. * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL: * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email * to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately. * * @categoryZend * @packageZend_View * @copyright Copyright （c） 2005-2011 Zend Technologies USA Inc. （http://www.zend.com） * @licensehttp://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License * @version$Id: View.php 23775 2011-03-01 17:25:24Z ralph $ *//** * Abstract master class for extension. */require_once "Zend/View/Abstract.php";/** * Concrete class for handling view scripts. * * @categoryZend * @packageZend_View * @copyright Copyright （c） 2005-2011 Zend Technologies USA Inc. （http://www.zend.com） * @licensehttp://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License */class Zend_View extends Zend_View_Abstract{/** * Whether or not to use streams to mimic short tags * @var bool */private $_useViewStream = false;/** * Whether or not to use stream wrapper if short_open_tag is false * @var bool */private $_useStreamWrapper = false;/** * Constructor * * Register Zend_View_Stream stream wrapper if short tags are disabled. * * @param array $config * @return void */public function __construct（$config = array（））{$this->_useViewStream = （bool） ini_get（"short_open_tag"） ? false : true;if （$this->_useViewStream） {if （！in_array（"zend.view", stream_get_wrappers（））） {require_once "Zend/View/Stream.php";stream_wrapper_register（"zend.view", "Zend_View_Stream"）;}}if （array_key_exists（"useStreamWrapper", $config）） {$this->setUseStreamWrapper（$config["useStreamWrapper"]）;}parent::__construct（$config）;}/** * Set flag indicating if stream wrapper should be used if short_open_tag is off * * @param bool $flag * @return Zend_View */public function setUseStreamWrapper（$flag）{$this->_useStreamWrapper = （bool） $flag;return $this;}/** * Should the stream wrapper be used if short_open_tag is off? * * @return bool */public function useStreamWrapper（）{return $this->_useStreamWrapper;}/** * Includes the view script in a scope with only public $this variables. * * @param string The view script to execute. */protected function _run（）{if （$this->_useViewStream && $this->useStreamWrapper（）） {include "zend.view://" . func_get_arg（0）;} else {include func_get_arg（0）;}}}

默认情况会自动通过Controller会通过render方法来实例化Zend_View, 然后rener到对应的视图文件中。当然可以自己实例化Zend_View，然后使用。
action默认指向的文件是和action的名称相同，如果要指定视图文件，可以通过$this->render的相关方法指定.也可以通过addScriptPath和setScriptPath设置视图文件的目录。
例如

$view = new Zend_View（）;$view->addScriptPath（"/www/app/myviews"）;$view->addScriptPath（"/www/app/viewscomm"）;// 如果调用 $view->render（"example.php"）, Zend_View 将// 首先查找 "/www/app/myviews/example.php", 找不到再找"/www/app/viewscomm/example.php", 如果还找不到，最后查找当前目录下/的"example.php".

Zend_View的常用方法

public function __construct（$config = array（））

构造函数参数
例如

array（ "escape" => array（）, "encoding" => array（）,）;

常见key：
escape、encoding、basePath、basePathPrefix、scriptPath、helperPath、 helperPathPrefix、filterPath、filterPathPrefix、filter
public function getEngine（） Return the template engine object
public function init（）初始化函数

/*** Given a base path, sets the script, helper, and filter paths relative to it** Assumes a directory structure of:* <code>* basePath/* scripts/* helpers/* filters/* </code>** @param string $path* @param string $prefix Prefix to use for helper and filter paths* @return Zend_View_Abstract*/public function setBasePath（$path, $classPrefix = "Zend_View"）/*** Given a base path, add script, helper, and filter paths relative to it** Assumes a directory structure of:* <code>* basePath/* scripts/* helpers/* filters/* </code>** @param string $path* @param string $prefix Prefix to use for helper and filter paths* @return Zend_View_Abstract*/public function addBasePath（$path, $classPrefix = "Zend_View"）public function addScriptPath（$path）Adds to the stack of view script paths in LIFO order.public function setScriptPath（$path） Resets the stack of view script paths.public function getScriptPath（$name）Return full path to a view script specified by $namepublic function getScriptPaths（）Returns an array of all currently set script pathspublic function addHelperPath（$path, $classPrefix = "Zend_View_Helper_"）Adds to the stack of helper paths in LIFO order.public function setHelperPath（$path, $classPrefix = "Zend_View_Helper_"）Resets the stack of helper paths.public function getHelperPath（$name） Get full path to a helper class file specified by $namepublic function getHelperPaths（）Returns an array of all currently set helper pathspublic function getHelper（$name） Get a helper by namepublic function getHelpers（）Get array of all active helperspublic function getAllPaths（） Return associative array of path types => pathspublic function setEscape（$spec）/*** Assigns variables to the view script via differing strategies.** Zend_View::assign（"name", $value） assigns a variable called "name"* with the corresponding $value.** Zend_View::assign（$array） assigns the array keys as variable* names （with the corresponding array values）.** @see__set（）* @param string|array The assignment strategy to use.* @param mixed （Optional） If assigning a named variable, use this* as the value.* @return Zend_View_Abstract Fluent interface* @throws Zend_View_Exception if $spec is neither a string nor an array,* or if an attempt to set a private or protected member is detected*/public function assign（$spec, $value = null）

在controller的action可以通过assign传递参数到视图脚本。
例如

$this->view->assign（"roles", $roles）;$this->view->assign（"num", $num）;$this->view->assign（"a", $a）;

或者也可以用

$this->view->roles=$roles;$this->view->a=$a;public function render（$name） Processes a view script and returns the output.public function escape（$var）:Escapes a value for output in a view script.public function setEncoding（$encoding） Set encoding to use with htmlentities（） and htmlspecialchars（）public function getEncoding（） :Return current escape encoding

视图脚本文件中的常见用法：
获取传递过来的值

$this->roles

使用一些常见的助手方法：

$this->baseUrl（）;$this->url（）;$this->paginationControl（）;$this->partial（）

视图常见用法举例
在bootstrap初始化view或者controller的init文件中

/** * Initialize the common view helper */protected function _initViewHelper（）{$boot=$this->bootstrap（"View"）;$view = $boot->getResource（"View"）;$view->setHelperPath（"Sql/View/Helper", "Sql_View_Helper"）;}

action中

/** * * @return void */public function listAction（）{$this->view->assign（"data", $data）;}

视图文件
list.phtml

<?php foreach （$this->data as $item） : ?><tr style="height: 19px;"><td class="datagrid-cell"><?php echo（$item->item1）;?></td></tr><?php endforeach; ?>

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