PHP模板引擎就是一个PHP类库,使用它可以使PHP代码和HTML代码进行分离,使代码的可读性和维护性得到显著提高。而且这样做的好处是,让美工专心设计HTML前台页面,程序员专心去写PHP业务逻辑。因此,模化引擎很适合公司的Web开发团队使用,使每个人都能发挥其特长
下面我们就来看看如何简单的来实现php的模板引擎
parser.class.php
<?php /** * 模版解析类 */class Parser{// 字段,接收模版文件内容private $_tpl; // 构造方法,获取模版文件内容public function __construct($_tplFile){if (! $this->_tpl = file_get_contents($_tplFile)) {exit("ERROR:模版文件读取错误");}} // 解析普通变量private function parvar(){$_patten = "/<!--s+{$([w]+)}s+-->/";if (preg_match($_patten,$this->_tpl)) {$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_patten, "<?php echo $this->_vars["$1"];?>",$this->_tpl);}} //解析IF语句private function parif(){$_pattenif = "/<!--s+{ifs+$([w]+)}s+-->/";$_pattenElse = "/<!--s+{else}s+-->/";$_pattenEndif = "/<!--s+{/if}s+-->/";if (preg_match($_pattenif,$this->_tpl)) {if (preg_match($_pattenEndif,$this->_tpl)) {$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenif,"<?php if ($this->_vars["$1"]){?>",$this->_tpl);$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenEndif,"<?php } ?>",$this->_tpl);if (preg_match($_pattenElse,$this->_tpl)) {$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenElse,"<?php }else{?>",$this->_tpl);}}else{echo "ERROR:IF语句没有关闭!";}}} //PHP注释解析 private function parCommon(){$_pattenCommon = "/<!--s+{#}(.*){#}s+-->/";if (preg_match($_pattenCommon,$this->_tpl)) {$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenCommon,"<?php /* $1 */ ?>",$this->_tpl);}} //解析foreach语句private function parForeach(){$_pattenForeach = "/<!--s+{foreachs+$([w]+)(([w]+),([w]+))}s+-->/";$_pattenForeachEnd = "/<!--s+{/foreach}s+-->/";$_pattenForeachValue = "/<!--s+{@([w]+)}s+-->/";if (preg_match($_pattenForeach,$this->_tpl)) {if (preg_match($_pattenForeachEnd,$this->_tpl)) {$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenForeach, "<?php foreach ($this->_vars["$1"] as $$2=>$$3) {?>", $this->_tpl);$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenForeachEnd, "<?php }?>", $this->_tpl);if (preg_match($_pattenForeachValue, $this->_tpl)) {$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenForeachValue,"<?php echo $$1;?>",$this->_tpl);}}else{echo "ERROR:Foreach语句没有关闭!";}}} //解析include方法private function parInclude(){$_pattenInclude = "/<!--s+{includes+file="([w.-]+)"}s+-->/";if (preg_match($_pattenInclude,$this->_tpl,$_file,$_file)) {if (!file_exists($_file[1])||empty($_file)) {echo "ERROR:包含文件出错!";}$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenInclude,"<?php include "$1";?>",$this->_tpl);}} //解析系统变量方法private function parConfig(){$_pattenConfig = "/<!--s+{([w]+)}s+-->/";if (preg_match($_pattenConfig,$this->_tpl)) {$this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenConfig,"<?php echo $this->_config["$1"];?>",$this->_tpl);}}// 对外公共方法public function compile($_path){// 解析模版文件$this->parvar();$this->parif();$this->parForeach();$this->parInclude();$this->parCommon();$this->parConfig();// 生成编译文件if (! file_put_contents($_path, $this->_tpl)) {exit("ERROR:编译文件生成错误!");}}}?>Templates.class.php
<?php /** * 模版类 */class Templates{//注入变量private $_vars = array();//保存系统变量数组字段private $_config = array();//创建一个构造方法,来检测各个目录是否存在public function __construct(){if (! is_dir(TPL_DIR) || ! is_dir(TPL_C_DIR) || ! is_dir(CACHE) || !is_dir(CONFIG)) {echo "ERROR:模版目录或编译目录,缓存目录不存在!自动创建!"."<br />";if (!is_dir(TPL_DIR)) {mkdir(TPL_DIR);echo "模版目录".TPL_DIR."建立"."<br />";}if (!is_dir(TPL_C_DIR)) {mkdir(TPL_C_DIR);echo "编译目录".TPL_C_DIR."建立"."<br />";}if (!is_dir(CACHE)) {mkdir(CACHE);echo "缓存目录".CACHE."建立"."<br />";}if (!is_dir(CONFIG)) {mkdir(CONFIG);echo "缓存目录".CONFIG."建立"."<br />";}exit();}//保存系统变量$_sxe = simplexml_load_file(CONFIG."/config.xml");$_tagLib = $_sxe->xpath("/root/taglib");foreach ($_tagLib as $_tag) {$this->_config["$_tag->name"] = $_tag->value;}} //assign()方法,用于注入变量public function assign($_var,$_value){//$_var用于同步模版里的变量名//$_value表示值if (isset($_var)&&!empty($_var)) {$this->_vars[$_var] = $_value;}else{exit("ERROR:设置模版变量!");} } //display()方法public function display($_file){$_tplFile = TPL_DIR . $_file;// 判断文件是否存在if (! file_exists($_tplFile)) {echo "ERROR:模版文件不存在!自动创建Index.tpl模版文件!";file_put_contents($_tplFile,"Index");exit();} //生成编译文件$_path = TPL_C_DIR.md5($_file)."-".$_file.".php";//缓存文件$_cacheFile = CACHE.md5($_file)."-".$_file.".html";//当第二次运行相同文件,直接载入缓存文件if (IS_CACHE) {//判断缓存文件和编译文件都存在if (file_exists($_cacheFile)&&file_exists($_path)) {//判断模版文件是否修改过if (filemtime($_path)>=filemtime($_tplFile)&&filemtime($_cacheFile)>=filemtime($_path)) {include $_cacheFile;echo "<!--cache-->";return;}}}//当编译文件不存在或者文件发生改变则重新生成if (!file_exists($_path)||filemtime($_path)<filemtime($_tplFile)) {require ROOT_PATH."/Class/parser.class.php";//构造方法是传入模版文件地址$_parser = new Parser($_tplFile);//传入编译文件地址$_parser->compile($_path);}//载入编译文件include $_path;if (IS_CACHE) {//获取缓冲区数据file_put_contents($_cacheFile,ob_get_contents());//清楚缓冲区ob_end_clean();//载入缓存文件include $_cacheFile;}}}?>templates.php
<?php//设置字符编码UTF-8header("Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8"); //网站根目录define("ROOT_PATH",dirname(__FILE__)); //存放模版文件夹define("TPL_DIR",ROOT_PATH."/Templates/"); //编译文件夹define("TPL_C_DIR",ROOT_PATH."/Templates_c/"); //缓存文件夹define("CACHE",ROOT_PATH."/Cache/"); //系统变量配置目录define("CONFIG",ROOT_PATH."/Config/"); //是否开启缓冲区define("IS_CACHE",false);//false //判断是否需要开启IS_CACHE ? ob_start() : null; //引入模版类require ROOT_PATH."/Class/Templates.class.php"; //实例化模版类$_tpl=new Templates(); $_tpl->display("index.tpl");?>
templates/index.tpl
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zn-cn"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"><meta name="description" content=""><meta name="keywords" content=""><meta name="author" content=""><meta name="author" content=""><title><!-- {WebName} --></title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css"></head><body> <!-- {#}php注释{#} --><!-- {if $a} -->123<!-- {else} -->321<!-- {/if} --><br /><!-- {foreach $array(key,value)} --><!-- {@key} -->...<!-- {@value} --><br /><!-- {/foreach} -->系统变量<!-- {WebName} --><br />普通变量<!-- {$name} --><br /><script src="/js/jquery-2.2.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript"></script></body></html>config/config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><root><taglib><name>WebName</name><value>XXX网站</value></taglib></root>