Welcome 微信登录

首页 / 网页编程 / PHP / Yii多表联合查询操作详解

本文针对Yii多表联查进行汇总描述,供大家参考,具体内容如下
1、多表联查实现方法
有两种方式一种使用DAO写SQL语句实现,这种实现理解起来相对轻松,只要保证SQL语句不写错就行了。缺点也很明显,比较零散,而且不符合YII的推荐框架,最重要的缺点在于容易写错。
还有一种便是下面要说的使用YII自带的CActiveRecord实现多表联查
2、 整体框架
我们需要找到一个用户的好友关系,用户的信息放在用户表中,用户之间的关系放在关系表中,而关系的内容则放在关系类型表中。明显的我们只需要以关系表为主表联查其他两个表即可。我主要从代码的角度,分析下实现的过程。
3、CActiveRecord
我们首先需要对3张表建立相应的model,下面是关系表的代码
SocialRelation.php
<?php/*** This is the model class for table "{{social_relation}}".** The followings are the available columns in table "{{social_relation}}":* @property integer $relation_id* @property integer $relation_type_id* @property integer $user_id* @property integer $another_user_id** The followings are the available model relations:* @property SocialRelationType $relationType* @property AccessUser $user* @property AccessUser $anotherUser*/ class SocialRelation extends CActiveRecord { /*** Returns the static model of the specified AR class.* @param string $className active record class name.* @return SocialRelation the static model class*/ public static function model($className=__CLASS__) { return parent::model($className); }/*** @return string the associated database table name*/ public function tableName() { return "{{social_relation}}"; }/*** @return array validation rules for model attributes.*/ public function rules() { // NOTE: you should only define rules for those attributes that // will receive user inputs. return array( array("relation_type_id, user_id, another_user_id", "numerical", "integerOnly"=>true), // The following rule is used by search(). // Please remove those attributes that should not be searched. array("relation_id, relation_type_id, user_id, another_user_id", "safe", "on"=>"search"), ); }/*** @return array relational rules.*/ public function relations() { // NOTE: you may need to adjust the relation name and the related // class name for the relations automatically generated below. return array( "relationType" => array(self::BELONGS_TO, "SocialRelationType", "relation_type_id"), "user" => array(self::BELONGS_TO, "AccessUser", "user_id"), "anotherUser" => array(self::BELONGS_TO, "AccessUser", "another_user_id"), ); }/*** @return array customized attribute labels (name=>label)*/ public function attributeLabels() { return array( "relation_id" => "Relation", "relation_type_id" => "Relation Type", "relation_type_name" => "Relation Name", "user_id" => "User ID", "user_name" => "User Name", "another_user_id" => "Another User", "another_user_name" => "Another User Name", ); }/*** Retrieves a list of models based on the current search/filter conditions.* @return CActiveDataProvider the data provider that can return the models based on the search/filter conditions.*/ public function search() { // Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that // should not be searched.$criteria=new CDbCriteria;$criteria->compare("relation_id",$this->relation_id); $criteria->compare("relation_type_id",$this->relation_type_id); $criteria->compare("user_id",$this->user_id); $criteria->compare("another_user_id",$this->another_user_id); $criteria->with=array( "relationType", );return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array( "criteria"=>$criteria, )); } } 
为了描述方便我们约定 主表为A表(执行查询的那个表), 引用表为B表(外键所引用的表)
建议使用Gii自动生成模型,这样能够节省大量时间,为了测试方便,可以对主表生成CRUD,就是增删改查页面,其他的引用表只用生成model就行了。
1. model函数、tablename函数用于得到这个模型和得到数据库表基本信息。自动生成无需修改
2.rules函数,这个函数主要用于规定参数检验方式,注意即使有些参数不需要校验,也必须出现在rules中。不然模型将无法得到参数
3.relation函数,这个函数十分关键,用于定义表之间的关系,下面我将详细说明其中含义
"relationType" => array(self::BELONGS_TO, "SocialRelationType", "relation_type_id")  
 这句代码中结构如下
"VarName"=>array("RelationType", "ClassName", "ForeignKey", ...additional options)
VarName 是关系的名字,我们以后会用这个名字访问外键引用表的字段
RelationType是关系的类型,十分重要,如果设定错误会导致一些奇怪而且难以检查的错误,Yii一共提供了4种关系
BELONGS_TO(属于): 如果表 A 和 B 之间的关系是一对多,则 表 B 属于 表 A
HAS_MANY(有多个): 如果表 A 和 B 之间的关系是一对多,则 A 有多个 B
HAS_ONE(有一个): 这是 HAS_MANY 的一个特例,A 最多有一个 B
MANY_MANY: 这个对应于数据库中的 多对多关系
ClassName是引用表名,就是外键所引用的表的名字,也就是B表表名
ForeignKey是外键名,主要这里填写的是外键在主表中的名字,也就是外键在A表中的表名,切记不要填错了
如果B表中是双主键可以采用下列方式实现,从软件工程的角度不推荐这样的做法,每个表最好使用独立无意义主键,不然容易出现各种问题,而且不方便管理
"categories"=>array(self::MANY_MANY, "Category", "tbl_post_category(post_id, category_id)"), 
 additional option 附加选项,很少用到
4 attributeLabels函数,这就是表属性的显示名称了,有点点像powerdesigner中code和name的关系前面一部分为数据库字段名,后面一部分为显示名称
5 search函数,用于生成表查询结果的函数,可以在此加一些限制条件,具体的使用方法就不在这里说明了,可以参考API中CDbCriteria的讲解。如果使用Gii生成那么不需要怎么修改。
同理我们生成,剩下的两个引用表
关系类型表:SocialRelationType.php
<?php/*** This is the model class for table "{{social_relation_type}}".** The followings are the available columns in table "{{social_relation_type}}":* @property integer $relation_type_id* @property string $relation_type_name** The followings are the available model relations:* @property SocialRelation[] $socialRelations*/ class SocialRelationType extends CActiveRecord { /*** Returns the static model of the specified AR class.* @param string $className active record class name.* @return SocialRelationType the static model class*/ public static function model($className=__CLASS__) { return parent::model($className); }/*** @return string the associated database table name*/ public function tableName() { return "{{social_relation_type}}"; }/*** @return array validation rules for model attributes.*/ public function rules() { // NOTE: you should only define rules for those attributes that // will receive user inputs. return array( array("relation_type_name", "length", "max"=>10), // The following rule is used by search(). // Please remove those attributes that should not be searched. array("relation_type_id, relation_type_name", "safe", "on"=>"search"), ); }/*** @return array relational rules.*/ public function relations() { // NOTE: you may need to adjust the relation name and the related // class name for the relations automatically generated below. return array( "socialRelations" => array(self::HAS_MANY, "SocialRelation", "relation_type_id"), ); }/*** @return array customized attribute labels (name=>label)*/ public function attributeLabels() { return array( "relation_type_id" => "Relation Type", "relation_type_name" => "Relation Type Name", ); }/*** Retrieves a list of models based on the current search/filter conditions.* @return CActiveDataProvider the data provider that can return the models based on the search/filter conditions.*/ public function search() { // Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that // should not be searched.$criteria=new CDbCriteria;$criteria->compare("relation_type_id",$this->relation_type_id); $criteria->compare("relation_type_name",$this->relation_type_name,true);return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array( "criteria"=>$criteria, )); } } 
用户表:AccessUser.php
<?php/*** This is the model class for table "{{access_user}}".** The followings are the available columns in table "{{access_user}}":* @property integer $id* @property string $name* @property string $password* @property string $lastlogin* @property string $salt* @property string $email* @property integer $status** The followings are the available model relations:* @property SocialRelation[] $socialRelations* @property SocialRelation[] $socialRelations1*/ class AccessUser extends CActiveRecord { /*** Returns the static model of the specified AR class.* @param string $className active record class name.* @return AccessUser the static model class*/ public static function model($className=__CLASS__) { return parent::model($className); }/*** @return string the associated database table name*/ public function tableName() { return "{{access_user}}"; }/*** @return array validation rules for model attributes.*/ public function rules() { // NOTE: you should only define rules for those attributes that // will receive user inputs. return array( array("status", "numerical", "integerOnly"=>true), array("name, password, salt, email", "length", "max"=>255), array("lastlogin", "safe"), // The following rule is used by search(). // Please remove those attributes that should not be searched. array("id, name, password, lastlogin, salt, email, status", "safe", "on"=>"search"), ); }/*** @return array relational rules.*/ public function relations() { // NOTE: you may need to adjust the relation name and the related // class name for the relations automatically generated below. return array( "user_name" => array(self::HAS_MANY, "SocialRelation", "user_id"), "anotherUser_name" => array(self::HAS_MANY, "SocialRelation", "another_user_id"), ); }/*** @return array customized attribute labels (name=>label)*/ public function attributeLabels() { return array( "id" => "ID", "name" => "Name", "password" => "Password", "lastlogin" => "Lastlogin", "salt" => "Salt", "email" => "Email", "status" => "Status", ); }/*** Retrieves a list of models based on the current search/filter conditions.* @return CActiveDataProvider the data provider that can return the models based on the search/filter conditions.*/ public function search() { // Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that // should not be searched.$criteria=new CDbCriteria;$criteria->compare("id",$this->id); $criteria->compare("name",$this->name,true); $criteria->compare("password",$this->password,true); $criteria->compare("lastlogin",$this->lastlogin,true); $criteria->compare("salt",$this->salt,true); $criteria->compare("email",$this->email,true); $criteria->compare("status",$this->status);return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array( "criteria"=>$criteria, )); } } 
4、Controller
三张表介绍完了后,下面就应当介绍Controller了,同样的我们使用Gii生成主表(A表)的CRUD后就能得到controller,我们只需要对其进行一些修改即可,代码如下
SocialRelationController.php
<?phpclass SocialRelationController extends Controller { /*** @var string the default layout for the views. Defaults to "//layouts/column2", meaning* using two-column layout. See "protected/views/layouts/column2.php".*/ public $layout="//layouts/column2";/*** @return array action filters*/ public function filters() { return array( "accessControl", // perform access control for CRUD operations "postOnly + delete", // we only allow deletion via POST request ); }/*** Specifies the access control rules.* This method is used by the "accessControl" filter.* @return array access control rules*/ public function accessRules() { return array( array("allow", // allow all users to perform "index" and "view" actions "actions"=>array("index","view"), "users"=>array("*"), ), array("allow", // allow authenticated user to perform "create" and "update" actions "actions"=>array("create","update"), "users"=>array("@"), ), array("allow", // allow admin user to perform "admin" and "delete" actions "actions"=>array("admin","delete"), "users"=>array("admin"), ), array("deny", // deny all users "users"=>array("*"), ), ); }/*** Displays a particular model.* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be displayed*/ public function actionView($id) { $this->render("view",array( "model"=>$this->loadModel($id), )); }/*** Creates a new model.* If creation is successful, the browser will be redirected to the "view" page.*/ public function actionCreate() { $model=new SocialRelation;// Uncomment the following line if AJAX validation is needed // $this->performAjaxValidation($model);if(isset($_POST["SocialRelation"])) { $model->attributes=$_POST["SocialRelation"]; if($model->save()) $this->redirect(array("view","id"=>$model->relation_id)); }$this->render("create",array( "model"=>$model, )); }/*** Updates a particular model.* If update is successful, the browser will be redirected to the "view" page.* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be updated*/ public function actionUpdate($id) { $model=$this->loadModel($id);// Uncomment the following line if AJAX validation is needed // $this->performAjaxValidation($model);if(isset($_POST["SocialRelation"])) { $model->attributes=$_POST["SocialRelation"]; if($model->save()) $this->redirect(array("view","id"=>$model->relation_id)); }$this->render("update",array( "model"=>$model, )); }/*** Deletes a particular model.* If deletion is successful, the browser will be redirected to the "admin" page.* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be deleted*/ public function actionDelete($id) { $this->loadModel($id)->delete();// if AJAX request (triggered by deletion via admin grid view), we should not redirect the browser if(!isset($_GET["ajax"])) $this->redirect(isset($_POST["returnUrl"]) ? $_POST["returnUrl"] : array("admin")); }/*** Lists all models.*/ public function actionIndex() { if(Yii::app()->user->id != null){ $dataProvider=new CActiveDataProvider( "SocialRelation",array("criteria"=>array("condition"=>"user_id=".Yii::app()->user->id, )) ); $this->render("index",array( "dataProvider"=>$dataProvider, )); }}/*** Manages all models.*/ public function actionAdmin() { $model=new SocialRelation("search"); $model->unsetAttributes(); // clear any default values if(isset($_GET["SocialRelation"])) $model->attributes=$_GET["SocialRelation"];$this->render("admin",array( "model"=>$model, )); }/*** Returns the data model based on the primary key given in the GET variable.* If the data model is not found, an HTTP exception will be raised.* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be loaded* @return SocialRelation the loaded model* @throws CHttpException*/ public function loadModel($id) { $model=SocialRelation::model()->findByPk($id); if($model===null) throw new CHttpException(404,"The requested page does not exist."); return $model; }/*** Performs the AJAX validation.* @param SocialRelation $model the model to be validated*/ protected function performAjaxValidation($model) { if(isset($_POST["ajax"]) && $_POST["ajax"]==="social-relation-form") { echo CActiveForm::validate($model); Yii::app()->end(); } } } 
简单介绍下其中各个函数和变量
$layout 就是布局文件的位置了,布局文件如何使用,这里不做讨论
filters 定义过滤器,这里面水很深
accessRules 访问方式,就是那些用户能够访问到这个模块
array("allow", // allow all users to perform "index" and "view" actions "actions"=>array("index","view"), "users"=>array("*"), ), 
allow 表示允许访问的规则如下,deny表示拒绝访问的规则如下。
action表示规定规则使用的动作
user表示规则适用的用户群组,*表示所有用户,@表示登录后的用户,admin表示管理员用户
actionXXX 各个action函数
这里值得注意的是 这个函数
public function actionIndex() { if(Yii::app()->user->id != null){ $dataProvider=new CActiveDataProvider( "SocialRelation",array("criteria"=>array("condition"=>"user_id=".Yii::app()->user->id, )) ); $this->render("index",array( "dataProvider"=>$dataProvider, )); }} 
其中我们可以在dataProvider中设置相应的查询条件,注意这里设置是对于主表(A表)进行的,用的字段名也是主表中的,因为我们要显示的是当前用户的好友,于是,这里我们使用Yii::app()->user->id取得当前用户的id 。
loadModel 用于装载模型,这里我们可以看到findByPk查询了数据库。
performAjaxValidation 用于Ajax验证。
5、视图View
index.php
<?php /* @var $this SocialRelationController */ /* @var $dataProvider CActiveDataProvider */$this->breadcrumbs=array( "Social Relations", ); ?><h1>Social Relations</h1><?php $this->widget("zii.widgets.CListView", array( "dataProvider"=>$dataProvider, "itemView"=>"_view", )); ?> 
我们使用一个 CListView控件进行显示,其中itemView为内容显示的具体表单,dataProvider这个是内容源,我们在controller中已经设定了。
_view.php

<?php /* @var $this SocialRelationController */ /* @var $data SocialRelation */ ?><div class="view"><b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel("relation_id")); ?>:</b> <?php echo CHtml::link(CHtml::encode($data->relation_id), array("view", "id"=>$data->relation_id)); ?> <br /><b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel("relation_type_id")); ?>:</b> <?php echo CHtml::encode($data->relation_type_id); ?> <br /><b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel("relation_type_name")); ?>:</b> <?phpecho $data->relationType->relation_type_name; ?> <br /><b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel("user_id")); ?>:</b> <?php echo CHtml::encode($data->user_id); ?> <br /><b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel("user_name")); ?>:</b> <?phpecho $data->user->name; ?> <br /><b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel("another_user_id")); ?>:</b> <?php echo CHtml::encode($data->another_user_id); ?> <br /><b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel("another_user_name")); ?>:</b> <?php echo $data->anotherUser->name; ?> <br /></div> 
主要都是类似的,我们看其中的一条
复制代码 代码如下:<b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel("relation_type_name")); ?>:</b> 
<?php echo $data->relationType->relation_type_name; ?> 
第一行为显示标签,在模型中我们设定的显示名就在这里体现出来
第二行为内容显示,这里的relationType是在模型中设置的关系名字,后面的relation_type_name是引用表的字段名(B表中的名字)
6、总结
通过上面的步骤,我们就实现了整个联合查询功能,效果图如下所示:


以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。