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本文通过13问13答学习Android View绘制,供大家参考,具体内容如下
1.View的绘制流程分几步,从哪开始?哪个过程结束以后能看到view?
答:从ViewRoot的performTraversals开始,经过measure,layout,draw 三个流程。draw流程结束以后就可以在屏幕上看到view了。
 2.view的测量宽高和实际宽高有区别吗?
答:基本上百分之99的情况下都是可以认为没有区别的。有两种情况,有区别。第一种 就是有的时候会因为某些原因 view会多次测量,那第一次测量的宽高 肯定和最后实际的宽高 是不一定相等的,但是在这种情况下
最后一次测量的宽高和实际宽高是一致的。此外,实际宽高是在layout流程里确定的,我们可以在layout流程里 将实际宽高写死 写成硬编码,这样测量的宽高和实际宽高就肯定不一样了,虽然这么做没有意义 而且也不好。
 3.view的measureSpec 由谁决定?顶级view呢?
答:由view自己的layoutparams和父容器  一起决定自己的measureSpec。一旦确定了spec,onMeasure中就可以确定view的宽高了。
顶级view就稍微特殊一点,对于decorView的测量在ViewRootImpl的源码里。
//desire的这2个参数就代表屏幕的宽高, childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width); childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height); performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); //decorView的measureSpec就是在这里确定的,其实比普通view的measurespec要简单的多 //代码就不分析了 一目了然的东西 private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {int measureSpec;switch (rootDimension) {case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT: // Window can"t resize. Force root view to be windowSize. measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY); break;case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT: // Window can resize. Set max size for root view. measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST); break;default: // Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size. measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY); break;}return measureSpec;} 
4.对于普通view来说,他的measure过程中,与父view有关吗?如果有关,这个父view也就是viewgroup扮演了什么角色?
答:看源码:
//对于普通view的measure来说 是由这个view的 父view ,也就是viewgroup来触发的。//也就是下面这个measureChildWithMargins方法protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed, int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) { //第一步 先取得子view的 layoutParams 参数值 final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();//然后开始计算子view的spec的值,注意这里看到 计算的时候除了要用子view的 layoutparams参数以外//还用到了父view 也就是viewgroup自己的spec的值final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin+ widthUsed, lp.width);final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin+ heightUsed, lp.height);child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);}//这个算view的spec的方法 看上去一大串 但是真的逻辑非常简单 就是根据父亲viewgroup//的meaurespec 同时还有view自己的params来确定 view自己的measureSpec。//注意这里的参数是padding,这个值的含义是 父容器已占用的控件的大小 所以view的Specsize//的值 你们可以看到 是要减去这个padding的值的。总大小-已经用的 =可用的。 很好理解。//然后就是下面的switch逻辑 要自己梳理清楚。其实也不难,主要是下面几条原则//如果view采用固定宽高,也就是写死的数值那种。那就不管父亲的spec的值了,view的spec 就肯定是exactly 并且大小遵循layout参数里设置的大小。//如果view的宽高是match_parent ,那么就要看父容器viewgroup的 spec的值了,如果父view的spec是exactly模式,//那view也肯定是exactly,并且大小就是父容器剩下的空间。如果父容器是at_most模式,那view也是at_most 并且不会超过剩余空间大小//如果view的宽高是wrap_content, 那就不管父容器的spec了,view的spec一定是at_most 并且不会超过父view 剩余空间的大小。public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);int resultSize = 0;int resultMode = 0;switch (specMode) {// Parent has imposed an exact size on uscase MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: if (childDimension >= 0) {resultSize = childDimension;resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {// Child wants to be our size. So be it.resultSize = size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {// Child wants to determine its own size. It can"t be// bigger than us.resultSize = size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } break;// Parent has imposed a maximum size on uscase MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: if (childDimension >= 0) {// Child wants a specific size... so be itresultSize = childDimension;resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.resultSize = size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {// Child wants to determine its own size. It can"t be// bigger than us.resultSize = size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } break;// Parent asked to see how big we want to becase MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: if (childDimension >= 0) {// Child wants a specific size... let him have itresultSize = childDimension;resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should// beresultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how// big it should beresultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; } break;}return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode); } 
5.view的meaure和onMeasure有什么关系?
答:看源码:

//view的measure是final 方法 我们子类无法修改的。 public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) { Insets insets = getOpticalInsets(); int oWidth = insets.left + insets.right; int oHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom; widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec, optical ? -oWidth : oWidth); heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);}// Suppress sign extension for the low byteslong key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL;if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2);if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ||widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) { // first clears the measured dimension flag mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET; resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded(); int cacheIndex = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ? -1 : mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key); if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {// measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag backonMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT; } else {long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex);// Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask neededsetMeasuredDimensionRaw((int) (value >> 32), (int) value);mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT; } // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise // an exception to warn the developer if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {throw new IllegalStateException("View with id " + getId() + ": "+ getClass().getName() + "#onMeasure() did not set the"+ " measured dimension by calling"+ " setMeasuredDimension()"); } mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;}mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;mMeasureCache.put(key, ((long) mMeasuredWidth) << 32 |(long) mMeasuredHeight & 0xffffffffL); // suppress sign extension }//不过可以看到的是在measure方法里调用了onMeasure方法//所以就能知道 我们在自定义view的时候一定是重写这个方法! protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec)); }
6.简要分析view的measure流程?
答:先回顾问题4,viewgroup 算出子view的spec以后 会调用子view的measure方法,而子view的measure方法 我们问题5也看过了实际上是调用的onMeasure方法
所以我们只要分析好onMeasure方法即可,注意onMeasure方法的参数 正是他的父view算出来的那2个spec的值(这里view的measure方法会把这个spec里的specSize值做略微的修改 这个部分 不做分析 因为measure方法修改specSize的部分很简单)。
//可以看出来这个就是setMeasuredDimension方法的调用 这个方法看名字就知道就是确定view的测量宽高的//所以我们分析的重点就是看这个getDefaultSize 方法 是怎么确定view的测量宽高的 protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec)); }//这个方法特别简单 基本可以认为就是近似的返回spec中的specSize,除非你的specMode是UNSPECIFIED//UNSPECIFIED 这个一般都是系统内部测量才用的到,这种时候返回size 也就是getSuggestedMinimumWidth的返回值 public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {int result = size;int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);switch (specMode) {case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: result = size; break;case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: result = specSize; break;}return result;}//跟view的背景相关 这里不多做分析了protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth()); } 
7.自定义view中 如果onMeasure方法 没有对wrap_content 做处理 会发生什么?为什么?怎么解决?
答:如果没有对wrap_content做处理 ,那即使你在xml里设置为wrap_content.其效果也和match_parent相同。看问题4的分析。我们可以知道view自己的layout为wrap,那mode就是at_most(不管父亲view是什么specmode).
这种模式下宽高就是等于specSize(getDefaultSize函数分析可知),而这里的specSize显然就是parentSize的大小。也就是父容器剩余的大小。那不就和我们直接设置成match_parent是一样的效果了么?
解决方式就是在onMeasure里 针对wrap 来做特殊处理 比如指定一个默认的宽高,当发现是wrap_content 就设置这个默认宽高即可。
 8.ViewGroup有onMeasure方法吗?为什么?
答:没有,这个方法是交给子类自己实现的。不同的viewgroup子类 肯定布局都不一样,那onMeasure索性就全部交给他们自己实现好了。
 9.为什么在activity的生命周期里无法获得测量宽高?有什么方法可以解决这个问题吗?
答:因为measure的过程和activity的生命周期  没有任何关系。你无法确定在哪个生命周期执行完毕以后 view的measure过程一定走完。可以尝试如下几种方法 获取view的测量宽高。
//重写activity的这个方法public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) {super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus);if (hasFocus) { int width = tv.getMeasuredWidth(); int height = tv.getMeasuredHeight(); Log.v("burning", "width==" + width); Log.v("burning", "height==" + height);} }
或者重写这个方法
@Override protected void onStart() {super.onStart();tv.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() {int width = tv.getMeasuredWidth();int height = tv.getMeasuredHeight(); }}); }
再或者:
@Override protected void onStart() {super.onStart();ViewTreeObserver observer = tv.getViewTreeObserver();observer.addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() { @Override public void onGlobalLayout() {int width = tv.getMeasuredWidth();int height = tv.getMeasuredHeight();tv.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnGlobalLayoutListener(this); }}); }
10.layout和onLayout方法有什么区别?
答:layout是确定本身view的位置 而onLayout是确定所有子元素的位置。layout里面 就是通过serFrame方法设设定本身view的 四个顶点的位置。这4个位置以确定 自己view的位置就固定了
然后就调用onLayout来确定子元素的位置。view和viewgroup的onlayout方法都没有写。都留给我们自己给子元素布局 
11.draw方法 大概有几个步骤?
答: 一共是4个步骤, 绘制背景---------绘制自己--------绘制chrildren----绘制装饰。 
12.setWillNotDraw方法有什么用?
答:这个方法在view里。
/*** If this view doesn"t do any drawing on its own, set this flag to* allow further optimizations. By default, this flag is not set on* View, but could be set on some View subclasses such as ViewGroup.** Typically, if you override {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)}* you should clear this flag.** @param willNotDraw whether or not this View draw on its own*/ public void setWillNotDraw(boolean willNotDraw) {setFlags(willNotDraw ? WILL_NOT_DRAW : 0, DRAW_MASK); }
用于设置标志位的 也就是说 如果你的自定义view 不需要draw的话,就可以设置这个方法为true。这样系统知道你这个view 不需要draw 可以优化执行速度。viewgroup 一般都默认设置这个为true,因为viewgroup多数都是只负责布局
不负责draw的。而view 这个标志位 默认一般都是关闭的。
13.自定义view 有哪些需要注意的点?
答:主要是要处理wrap_content 和padding。否则xml 那边设置这2个属性就根本没用了。还有不要在view中使用handler 因为人家已经提供了post方法。如果是继承自viewGroup,那在onMeasure和onLayout里面 也要考虑
padding和layout的影响。也就是说specSize 要算一下 。最后就是如果view的动画或者线程需要停止,可以考虑在onDetachedFromWindow里面来做。
针对上述的几点,给出几个简单的自定义view 供大家理解。
给出一个圆形的view 范例:
package com.example.administrator.motioneventtest;import android.content.Context;import android.graphics.Canvas;import android.graphics.Color;import android.graphics.Paint;import android.util.AttributeSet;import android.view.View;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/2/4. */public class CircleView extends View { private int mColor = Color.RED; private Paint mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); private void init() {mPaint.setColor(mColor); } @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);int widthSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);int widthSpecSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);int heightSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);int heightSpecSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);//处理为wrap_content时的情况if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST && heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { setMeasuredDimension(200, 200);} else if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { setMeasuredDimension(200, heightSpecSize);} else if (heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { setMeasuredDimension(widthSpecSize, 200);} } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {super.onDraw(canvas);//处理padding的情况final int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();final int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();final int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();final int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();int width = getWidth() - paddingLeft - paddingRight;int height = getHeight() - paddingTop - paddingBottom;int radius = Math.min(width, height) / 2;canvas.drawCircle(paddingLeft + width / 2, paddingTop + height / 2, radius, mPaint); } public CircleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);init(); } public CircleView(Context context) {super(context);init(); } public CircleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs);init(); }}
然后下面再给出一个范例,稍微复杂一点是自定义viewgroup了(主要是加强对onMeasure和onLayout的理解), 需求如下:
一个水平的viewgroup,内部的子元素 为了简单 我们假定他们的宽高都是一样的。来写一个这样的简单的viewgroup。
package com.example.administrator.motioneventtest;import android.content.Context;import android.util.AttributeSet;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;/** * Created by Administrator on 2016/2/4. *///这里我们只处理了padding的状态 没有处理margin的状态,子view的margin 对measure和layout的影响//就留给读者自己完成了public class CustomHorizontalLayout extends ViewGroup { //设置默认的控件最小是多少 这里不提供自定义属性了 写死在代码里 你们可以自行拓展 final int minHeight = 0; final int minWidth = 0; public CustomHorizontalLayout(Context context) {super(context); } public CustomHorizontalLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs); } public CustomHorizontalLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); } @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);int measureWidth = 0;int measureHeight = 0;final int childCount = getChildCount();measureChildren(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);int widthSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);int widthSpecSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);int heightSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);int heightSpecSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);final View childView = getChildAt(0);final int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();final int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();final int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();final int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();//没有子控件 时 我们的宽高要作特殊处理if (childCount == 0) { //当没有子控件时,如果长宽有一个为wrap 那么就让这个控件以最小的形式展现 //这里我们最小设置为0 if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST || heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {setMeasuredDimension(minWidth, minHeight); } else {//否则根据我们的layout属性来setMeasuredDimension(getLayoutParams().width, getLayoutParams().height); }} else if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST && heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { measureWidth = childView.getMeasuredWidth() * childCount; measureHeight = childView.getMeasuredHeight(); setMeasuredDimension(paddingLeft + measureWidth + paddingRight, paddingTop + measureHeight + paddingBottom);} else if (heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { measureHeight = childView.getMeasuredHeight(); setMeasuredDimension(paddingLeft + paddingRight + widthSpecSize, paddingTop + paddingBottom + measureHeight);} else if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { measureWidth = childView.getMeasuredWidth() * childCount; setMeasuredDimension(paddingLeft + paddingRight + measureWidth, paddingTop + paddingBottom + heightSpecSize);} } @Override protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {final int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();final int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();final int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();final int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();//左边初始位置为0int childLeft = 0 + paddingLeft;final int childCount = getChildCount();for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { final View childView = getChildAt(i); if (childView.getVisibility() != View.GONE) {final int childWidth = childView.getMeasuredWidth();childView.layout(childLeft, 0 + paddingTop, childLeft + childWidth, paddingTop + childView.getMeasuredHeight());childLeft += childWidth; }} }}
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。