问题为:
4)已知:/etc/hosts的内容为
192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org
192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org
192.168.1.31 oldboy31.etiantian.org
#192.168.1.111 oldboy111.etiantian.org
请用shell脚本实现,怎么才能在输入IP后找到/etc/hosts里对应的唯一的hostname?
解答:
法1)脚本过滤法
- [root@old_boy scripts]# cat judgehost.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- echo "please input ip address:"
- read ip
- [ -n "`grep "$ip " /etc/hosts`" ] && #注意前面的过滤条件结尾带有空格。
- echo "The hostname is: `grep "$ip " /etc/hosts |awk "{print $2}"`" ||
- echo "The ip is invalid"
提示:
1)这是一个grep过滤加条件判断的实现语法:
2)条件判断语法为[ -n "ddd" ] && echo 1 || echo 0
3)[ -n "`grep "$ip " /etc/hosts`" ] && #注意前面的过滤条件结尾带有空格。这里啊,是为了排除下面的重复情况
192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org
192.168.1.111 oldboy111.etiantian.org
----------------我是每种方法分隔符---------------
法2)脚本精确匹配法:
- #!/bin/bash
- #author oldboy
- #qq 31333741
- #judge input
- if [ $# -ne 1 ]
- then
- echo "input error!"
- exit 1
- fi
-
- flag=0
- exec < /etc/hosts
- while read line
- do
- if [ "$1" = "`echo $line|awk "{print $1}"`" ]
- then
- flag=1
- echo "the $1 "s hostname is `echo $line|awk "{print $2}"`"
- break;
- fi
- done
- [ $flag -eq 0 ] && echo " sorrry,not find $1 "s hostname!"
-
提示:此题,请大家学习while的用法及设置flag的思路。执行结果:
[root@old_boy scripts]# sh oldboy.sh 192.168.1.11
the 192.168.1.11 "s hostname is oldboy11.etiantian.org
[root@old_boy scripts]# sh oldboy.sh 192.168.1.21
the 192.168.1.21 "s hostname is oldboy21.etiantian.org
[root@old_boy scripts]# sh oldboy.sh 192.168.1.311
sorrry,not find 192.168.1.311 "s hostname!
----------------我是每种方法分隔符---------------
特别提示:下面的方法中,老男孩老师大量的使用了awk的不同方法来实现同样的功能,来告诉大家,awk是很强大的, 希望同学们能按照老师的教学要求精通之。法3)awk精确匹配:
准备:
[root@old_boy scripts]# tail -4 /etc/hosts
192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org
192.168.1.111 oldboy111.etiantian.org
192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org
192.168.1.31 oldboy31.etiantian.org
脚本:
- [root@old_boy scripts]# cat awkhost1.sh
- awk "BEGIN {a=""$1""} {if($1==a) print $2; }" /etc/hosts
执行结果:
[root@old_boy scripts]# sh awkhost1.sh 192.168.1.21
oldboy21.etiantian.org
[root@old_boy scripts]# sh awkhost1.sh 192.168.1.31
oldboy31.etiantian.org
[root@old_boy scripts]# sh awkhost1.sh 192.168.1.11
oldboy11.etiantian.org
提示:注意a=""$1""的用法,$1为命令行传参。awk程序中调用系统变量的方法a=""$1""。
----------------我是每种方法分隔符---------------
法4)awk精确匹配法- [root@old_boy scripts]# cat awkhost2.sh
- awk "{if($1==""$1"") print $2}" /etc/hosts
执行结果:
[root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost2.sh 192.168.1.11
oldboy11.etiantian.org
[root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost2.sh 192.168.1.21
oldboy21.etiantian.org
[root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost2.sh 192.168.1.311
----------------我是每种方法分隔符---------------
法5)awk过滤法
- [root@old_boy scripts]# cat awkhost4.sh
- awk "/""${1} ""/""{print $2}" /etc/hosts
- 执行结果:
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost4.sh 192.168.1.21
- oldboy21.etiantian.org
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost4.sh 192.168.1.11
- oldboy11.etiantian.org
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost4.sh 192.168.1.31
- oldboy31.etiantian.org
- 提示:除了语法外,这道题有个学问,就是过滤时传参结尾要带个空格,这样才能过滤重复IP的情况
- 如:
- 192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org
- 192.168.1.111 oldboy111.etiantian.org
----------------我是每种方法分隔符---------------
法6)awk过滤法
- [root@old_boy scripts]# cat awkhost5.sh
- awk "{if($1~/"$1"/) print $2}" /etc/hosts ##如果文件第一列包含命令行第一个参数字符则打印第二列
- 执行结果:
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost5.sh 192.168.1.31
- oldboy31.etiantian.org
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost5.sh 192.168.1.11
- oldboy11.etiantian.org
- oldboy111.etiantian.org ------>这里有bug了。
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost5.sh 192.168.1.21
- oldboy21.etiantian.org
- 改进下来排除bug:
- [root@old_boy scripts]# cat awkhost5-1.sh
- awk "{if($1~/"$1" /) print $2}" /etc/hosts ==>用上面加空格的思路不对。
- [root@old_boy scripts]# cat awkhost5-1.sh
- awk "{if($1~/"$1"$/) print $2}" /etc/hosts #增加一个正则表达式$
- 执行结果:
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost5-1.sh 192.168.1.21
- oldboy21.etiantian.org
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost5-1.sh 192.168.1.11
- oldboy11.etiantian.org
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awkhost5-1.sh 192.168.1.31
- oldboy31.etiantian.org
----------------我是每种方法分隔符---------------
法7)awk -v精确匹配法
- 命令行测试:
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awk -v p=192.168.1.21 "$1 == p{print $2}" /etc/hosts
- oldboy21.etiantian.org
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awk -v p=192.168.1.11 "$1 == p{print $2}" /etc/hosts
- oldboy11.etiantian.org
- [root@old_boy scripts]# awk -v p=192.168.1.11 "$1 == p {print $2}" /etc/hosts
- oldboy11.etiantian.org
- 实际脚本:
- [root@old_boy scripts]# cat awkhost6.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- #p=$1
- #awk -v p="$p" "$1 == p{print $2}" /etc/hosts
- awk -v p="$1" "$1 == p{print $2}" /etc/hosts
执行结果:
[root@old_boy scripts]# sh awkhost6.sh 192.168.1.11
oldboy11.etiantian.org
[root@old_boy scripts]# sh awkhost6.sh 192.168.1.21
oldboy21.etiantian.org
提示:
1)传参非awk程序,因此写法p="$1"
2)man awk
-v var=val
--assign var=val
Assign the value val to the variable var, before execution of the program begins. Such vari-
able values are available to the BEGIN block of an AWK program.
----------------我是每种方法分隔符---------------
法8:精确匹配简单的写法
- [root@old_boy scripts]# cat awkhost9.sh
- awk "$1 == ""$1"" {print $2}" /etc/hosts
- 执行结果:
- [root@old_boy scripts]# sh awkhost9.sh 192.168.1.11
- oldboy11.etiantian.org
- [root@old_boy scripts]# sh awkhost9.sh 192.168.1.21
- oldboy21.etiantian.org
- [root@old_boy scripts]# sh awkhost9.sh 192.168.1.31
- oldboy31.etiantian.org
- 特别提示:这里老男孩老师大量的使用了awk的不同方法来实现同样的功能,很强大吧,
- 希望同学们能按照老师的教学要求精通之。
----------------我是每种方法分隔符---------------
法9:学生的一个不成熟的实现法- #!/bin/bash
- b=/$PWD/wang.txt
- echo -n "plase input ip : "
- read a
- if [ $a == "192.168.1.11" ]
- then
- cat $b | grep $a | awk -F " " "{print $2}"
-
- elif [ $a == "192.168.1.21" ]
- then
- cat $b | grep $a | awk -F " " "{print $2}"
-
- elif [ $a == "192.168.1.31" ]
- then
- cat $b | grep $a | awk -F " " "{print $2}"
- else
- echo "plase input the correct IP address " && exit 1
- fi
- 提示:大家看看问题在哪?脚本不通用。
-
----------老男孩老师改进后
- #!/bin/bash
- #author oldboy
- #qq 31333741
- hosts_file="$PWD/oldboy.txt"
- #judge file
- [ ! -f $hosts_file ] && echo "no test file!" && exit 1
- echo -n "plase input ip : "
- read ip
- #judge ip format
- [ "${#a}" -lt 8 ] && [ "`echo $ip|sed "s/[0-9]//g"`" != "..." ] &&
- echo "Plase input the correct IP address" && exit 1
-
- #start
- result1=$(grep "$ip" $hosts_file|awk "{print $1}")
- if [ "$ip" == "$result1" ]
- then
- grep "$ip" $hosts_file|awk "{print $2}"
- exit 0
- else
- echo "Not find the hostname of $ip"
- exit 1
- fi
- 提示:此法不可取,画蛇添足了。
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