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我这里拿php作为一个例子,我的php安装在/usr/local/webserver/php下,没有把php加入环境变量时,你在命令行执行#查看当前php的版本信息
[root@CentOS ~]# php -v会提示你此命令不存在。下面详细说说linux下修改环境变量的方法方法一: 在/etc/profile文件中添加变量【对所有用户生效(永久的)】
用VI在文件/etc/profile文件中增加变量,该变量将会对Linux下所有用户有效,并且是“永久的”。[root@CentOS ~]# vi /etc/profile在文件末尾加上如下两行代码
PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATHexport PATH# /etc/profile# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc# It"s NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you# are doing. It"s much better to create a custom.sh shell script in# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.pathmunge () {case ":${PATH}:" in*:"$1":*);;*)if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; thenPATH=$PATH:$1elsePATH=$1:$PATHfiesac}if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; thenif [ -z "$EUID" ]; then# ksh workaroundEUID=`id -u`UID=`id -ru`fiUSER="`id -un`"LOGNAME=$USERMAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"fi# Path manipulationif [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; thenpathmunge /sbinpathmunge /usr/sbinpathmunge /usr/local/sbinelsepathmunge /usr/local/sbin afterpathmunge /usr/sbin afterpathmunge /sbin afterfiHOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`HISTSIZE=1000if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; thenexport HISTCONTROL=ignorebothelseexport HISTCONTROL=ignoredupsfiexport PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200# You could check uidgid reservation validity in# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid fileif [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; thenumask 002elseumask 022fifor i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; doif [ -r "$i" ]; thenif [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then. "$i"else. "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1fifidoneunset iunset pathmungePATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATHexport PATH要是刚才的修改马上生效,需要执行以下代码[root@CentOS ~]# source /etc/profile这时再查看系统环境变量,就能看见刚才加的东西已经生效了[root@CentOS ~]# echo $PATH/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin现在就能直接使用php命令了(而不是像之前写很长一串/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php -v),例如查看当前php的版本[root@CentOS ~]# php -vPHP 5.3.8 (cli) (built: Jun 27 2012 14:28:20) Copyright (c) 1997-2011 The PHP GroupZend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2011 Zend Technologies方法二:在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量【对单一用户生效(永久的)】
用VI在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量,改变量仅会对当前用户有效,并且是“永久的”。具体操作和方法1一样,这里就不在列举代码了。方法三:直接运行export命令定义变量【只对当前shell(BASH)有效(临时的)】在shell的命令行下直接使用[export变量名=变量值]定义变量,该变量只在当前的shell(BASH)或其子shell(BASH)下是有效的,shell关闭了,变量也就失效了,再打开新shell时就没有这个变量,需要使用的话还需要重新定义。例如export PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATHCentOS让一个用户没有登录权限CentOS 6.2安装phpMyAdmin3.3.10相关资讯      CentOS教程 
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