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之所以用源码编译的方式安装mono和monodevelop，是因为通过yum安装的mono不是最新版本，而且monodevelop不能建 asp.net MVC3的工程。而且通过源码安装，可以进一步了解mono的各个项目之间的关系。我用的Fedora16系统

1.  mono的源码编译安装

下载mono的最新源码，github上的源码编译时总是报找不到 gmcs.exe的错误。我是在mono的官网上下的最新源码，地址：https://wrench.mono-project.com/Wrench/index.aspx？show_all=true我下的是mono-2.11.3版# tar jxvf mono-2.11.3.tar.bz2# cd mono-2.11.3# ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr/local# make# make install需要注意的是用root用户来安装，否则有错误。

2. monodevelop的源码编译安装

monodevelop的源码编译安装相当曲折，搞了好几天。有几点需要注意：
  1. 在monodevelop的官网上下最新源码，否则在./configure时会有找不到文件的错。
  2. 在安装monodevelop之前，要先安装一些依赖的包。（mono-addins，gtk-sharp，libglade2，gnome-sharp-2.0）
  3. 安装完后，需要设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH这个环境变量
  4. 用root用户来安装
安装monodevelop之前，按顺序安装一些依赖包：（gtk-sharp  --> mono-addins --> libglade2--> gnome-sharp-2.0）这些包在安装时也会遇到各种问题，下面是我安装时遇到的各种问题及解决方法，供参考。以上的安装顺序是我总结出来的，没有试验过。我安装时并不知道上面的安装顺序，是直接安装monodevelop，然后遇到问题再解决的。我的安装顺序如下： 1） 和mono同样的网址下载monodevelop的最新代码。# tar jxvf monodevelop-3.1.0.tar.bz2# cd monodevelop-3.1.0# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`此时报了一个错误如下：找不到 UNMANAGED_DEPENDENCIES_MONO====================================================================[root@localhost monodevelop-3.1.0]# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -pchecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $（MAKE）... yeschecking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutarchecking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... nochecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for gmcs... /usr/local/bin/gmcschecking for update-mime-database... /usr/bin/update-mime-databasechecking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-configchecking for msgfmt... /usr/bin/msgfmtchecking for msgmerge... /usr/bin/msgmergechecking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yeschecking for UNMANAGED_DEPENDENCIES_MONO... noconfigure: error: Please install mono version 2.8 or later to install MonoDevelop.Please see http://www.mono-project.org/ to download latest mono sources or packages====================================================================通过以下命令修复此错误：# export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig再次执行：# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`此时报了一个错误如下：找不到 mono-addins====================================================================checking for UNMANAGED_DEPENDENCIES_MONO... yeschecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for dmcs... /usr/local/bin/dmcschecking for MONO_ADDINS... noconfigure: error: Package requirements （mono-addins >= 0.6） were not met: No package "mono-addins" found Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if youinstalled software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables MONO_ADDINS_CFLAGSand MONO_ADDINS_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.See the pkg-config man page for more details.====================================================================下载mono-addins并安装，
下载地址： http://download.mono-project.com/sources/mono-addins/# tar jxvf mono-addins-0.6.2.tar.bz2# cd mono-addins-0.6.2# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local 此时报了一个错误如下：找不到 gtk-sharp-2.0====================================================================checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -pchecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $（MAKE）... yeschecking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutarchecking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... nochecking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-configchecking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking for gmcs... /usr/local/bin/gmcschecking for gacutil... /usr/local/bin/gacutilchecking for al... /usr/local/bin/alchecking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yeschecking for GTK_SHARP_20... configure: error: Package requirements （gtk-sharp-2.0） were not met: No package "gtk-sharp-2.0" found Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if youinstalled software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables GTK_SHARP_20_CFLAGSand GTK_SHARP_20_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.See the pkg-config man page for more details.====================================================================下载gtk-sharp并安装，
下载地址： http://download.mono-project.com/sources/gtk-sharp212/# tar jxvf gtk-sharp-2.12.11.tar.bz2# cd gtk-sharp-2.12.11# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# make# make installgtk-sharp安装成功后，接着安装mono-addins# cd ../mono-addins-0.6.2# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# make# make installmono-addins安装成功后，接着安装monodevelop   # cd ../monodevelop-3.1.0# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`   
此时报了一个错误如下：找不到 glade-sharp-2.0====================================================================[root@localhost monodevelop-3.1.0]# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -pchecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $（MAKE）... yeschecking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutarchecking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... nochecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for gmcs... /usr/local/bin/gmcschecking for update-mime-database... /usr/bin/update-mime-databasechecking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-configchecking for msgfmt... /usr/bin/msgfmtchecking for msgmerge... /usr/bin/msgmergechecking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yeschecking for UNMANAGED_DEPENDENCIES_MONO... yeschecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for dmcs... /usr/local/bin/dmcschecking for MONO_ADDINS... yeschecking for MONO_ADDINS_SETUP... yeschecking for MONO_ADDINS_GUI... yeschecking for GLIB_SHARP... yeschecking for GTK_SHARP... yeschecking for GLADE_SHARP... noconfigure: error: Package requirements （glade-sharp-2.0 >= 2.12.8） were not met: No package "glade-sharp-2.0" found Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if youinstalled software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables GLADE_SHARP_CFLAGSand GLADE_SHARP_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.See the pkg-config man page for more details.====================================================================我不知道glade-sharp是什么包，先安装了libgdiplus下载libgdiplus并安装，
下载地址： http://download.mono-project.com/sources/libgdiplus/# tar jxvf libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2# cd libgdiplus-2.10.9# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# makemake时报了一个错误如下：====================================================================/usr/lib64/libglib-2.0.so.0: could not read symbols: Invalid operationcollect2: error: ld returned 1 exit statusmake[2]: *** [testgdi] Error 1make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/tests"make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9"make: *** [all] Error 2====================================================================解决办法如下：
1. 运行./configure --prefix=/usr/local 之后，编辑 tests/Makefile 文件
2. 在Makefile文件130行位置，将   LIBS = -lpthread -lfontconfig
                            改为 LIBS = -lpthread -lfontconfig -lglib-2.0 -lX11
3. 再次运行 make 即可# make# make install接着安装monodevelop  # cd ../monodevelop-3.1.0# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`仍然是错误：找不到 glade-sharp-2.0
利用yum 安装libglade2-devel，mono源码中没找到这个包# yum search libglade2# yum install libglade2-devel.x86_64知道这个包的名称，也可以找相应的rpm来安装。安装完libglade2后，重新安装 gtk-sharp2，安装方法上面已有。
接着，再次尝试安装 monodevelop：# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`此时报了一个错误如下：未安装gnome-sharp-2.0====================================================================[root@localhost monodevelop-3.1.0]# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -pchecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $（MAKE）... yeschecking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutarchecking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... nochecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for gmcs... /usr/local/bin/gmcschecking for update-mime-database... /usr/bin/update-mime-databasechecking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-configchecking for msgfmt... /usr/bin/msgfmtchecking for msgmerge... /usr/bin/msgmergechecking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yeschecking for UNMANAGED_DEPENDENCIES_MONO... yeschecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for dmcs... /usr/local/bin/dmcschecking for MONO_ADDINS... yeschecking for MONO_ADDINS_SETUP... yeschecking for MONO_ADDINS_GUI... yeschecking for GLIB_SHARP... yeschecking for GTK_SHARP... yeschecking for GLADE_SHARP... yeschecking for MONODOC... yeschecking for GNOME_SHARP... nochecking for GNOME_VFS_SHARP... nochecking for GCONF_SHARP... noconfigure: error: Cannot enable GNOME platform without gnome-sharp-2.0====================================================================下载 gnome-sharp-2.0 并安装
下载地址： http://download.mono-project.com/sources/gnome-sharp220/# tar jxvf gnome-sharp-2.20.1.tar.bz2# cd gnome-sharp-2.20.1# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local虽然没有报错，但是提示缺少3个assmely: art-sharp.dll,gnomevfs-sharp.dll,gnome-sharp.dll====================================================================Configuration summary  * Installation prefix = /usr/local * C# compiler: /usr/local/bin/mcs-define:GTK_SHARP_2_6 -define:GTK_SHARP_2_8 -define:GNOME_SHARP_2_16 -define:GNOME_SHARP_2_20  Optional assemblies included in the build: * art-sharp.dll: no* gnomevfs-sharp.dll: no* gnome-sharp.dll: no NOTE: if any of the above say "no" you may install thecorresponding development packages for them, rerunautogen.sh to include them in the build. gnome-sharp.dll requires libgnomecanvas, libgnome,libgnomeui, libgnomeprint, libgnomeprintui, andlibpanelapplet.====================================================================下面的两个dll对应如下库：（我是通过 yum找到的）
art-sharp.dll             : libart_lgpl-devel
gnomevfs-sharp.dll: gnome-vfs2-devel
最后一个根据上面的提示，（对应如下库）
gnome-sharp.dll   : libgnomecanvas, libgnome,
            libgnomeui, libgnomeprint, libgnomeprintui, and
            libpanelapplet（即gnome-panel-devel）# makemake 后，报出如下错误：====================================================================error CS0006: Metadata file `Mono.GetOptions.dll" could not be found====================================================================经过调查，
1.  原来是gnome-sharp版本太旧的原因，
    前面用的gnome-sharp-2.20.*用了Mono.GetOptions，更新至gnome-sharp-2.24.*
2.  注释掉gnome-sharp-2.24.1/sample/gnomevfs/Makefile中关于 Mono.GetOptions的内容下载地址：http://download.mono-project.com/sources/gnome-sharp2/# tar jxvf gnome-sharp-2.24.1.tar.bz2# cd gnome-sharp-2.24.0# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# make# make install接着，再次尝试安装 monodevelop：# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`此时会产生一些找不到 tests/UnitTests/Makefile.in 之类的错误。
经过调查，似乎是monodevelop 版本的问题，在monodevelop官网上下载最新的代码，
然后重新安装，终于安装成功。官网上最新版是3.0.3.4# tar jxvf monodevelop-3.0.3.4.tar.bz2# cd ../monodevelop-3.0.3.4# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`# make# make install安装完后，monodevep却无法启动，错误如下：====================================================================System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall ---> System.DllNotFoundException: libMonoPosixHelper.soat （wrapper managed-to-native） Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall:_L_ctermid （）at Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall..cctor （） [0x00032] in /home/wangyb/downloads/mono/mono-2.11.3/mcs/class/Mono.Posix/Mono.Unix.Native/Syscall.cs:2599 --- End of inner exception stack trace ---at MonoDevelop.Core.LoggingService.RedirectOutputToFileUnix （FilePath logDirectory, System.String logName） [0x0001f] in /home/wangyb/downloads/mono/monodevelop-3.0.3.4/src/core/MonoDevelop.Core/MonoDevelop.Core/LoggingService.cs:177 at MonoDevelop.Core.LoggingService.RedirectOutputToLogFile （） [0x00046] in /home/wangyb/downloads/mono/monodevelop-3.0.3.4/src/core/MonoDevelop.Core/MonoDevelop.Core/LoggingService.cs:140 FATAL ERROR [2012-07-29 07:59:49Z]: MonoDevelop failed to start. Some of the assemblies required to run MonoDevelop （for example gtk-sharp, gnome-sharp or gtkhtml-sharp） may not be properly installed in the GAC.System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for Gtk.Application ---> System.DllNotFoundException: glibsharpglue-2at （wrapper managed-to-native） GLib.Thread:glibsharp_g_thread_supported （）at GLib.Thread.get_Supported （） [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Gtk.Application..cctor （） [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace ---at MonoDevelop.Ide.IdeStartup.Run （MonoDevelop.Ide.MonoDevelopOptions options） [0x00085] in /home/wangyb/downloads/mono/monodevelop-3.0.3.4/src/core/MonoDevelop.Ide/MonoDevelop.Ide/IdeStartup.cs:95 at MonoDevelop.Ide.IdeStartup.Main （System.String[] args） [0x00058] in /home/wangyb/downloads/mono/monodevelop-3.0.3.4/src/core/MonoDevelop.Ide/MonoDevelop.Ide/IdeStartup.cs:503 ====================================================================将LD_LIBRARY_PATH加入到启动的配置文件中，即 ～/.bashrc
内容如下：# add mono LD_LIBRARY_PATHexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib终于启动成功，也有 aspnet-mvc3的工程了 ^_^ 

3. 总结

记录下安装过程的错误，也是方便以后遇到相同的错误可以知道怎么解决。大家在安装过程中如果有什么新的问题，欢迎交流。升级至Ubuntu 12.04 Server的二三事Putty工具包简单使用相关资讯      Monodevelop  MONO 
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