PXE+DHCP+NFS+KICKSTART无人值守安装RHEL6.4

实验要求：服务器（192.168.100.250）给192.168.100.0网段的客户机安装RHEL6.4操作系统，并给每台客户端192.168.100.x分配主机名clientx.linuxidc.com，实现无人值守安装-----------------------------分割线-----------------------------推荐相关阅读：Linux PXE无人值守安装出现 PXE-E32:TFTP OPen timeout的解决办法 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/98986.htm使用PXE结合kickstart 自动安装Linux系统 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/98014.htmRHCE认证之无人值守安装Linux系统（FTP+TFTP+DHCP+Kickstart+PXE） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-10/91013.htmPXE网络装机（有人值守与无人值守安装） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87456.htm-----------------------------分割线-----------------------------
一．配置YUM[root@PXE-server ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-server.repo[rhel-server]name=Red Hat Enterprise Linuxbaseurl=file:///mediaenabled=1gpgcheck=0gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-RedHat-release[root@PXE-server ~]# mount /dev/cdrom1 /media //放入安装光盘并挂载
二．.配置DHCP[root@PXE-server ~]# yum -y install dhcp[root@PXE-server ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confsubnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.100.100 192.168.100.200; //分配给客户机的地址段 option domain-name-servers 192.168.100.250; //DNS也是本机 option domain-name "linuxidc.com"; option routers 192.168.100.254; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; next-server 192.168.100.250; //TFTP服务器的IP地址 filename "pxelinux.0"; //网卡引导文件名}[root@PXE-server ~]# service dhcpd start[root@PXE-server ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on
三．配置TFTP1.安装软件包[root@PXE-server ~]# yum -y install tftp-server[root@PXE-server ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp…… server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot //tftp根目录 disable = no //开启tftp服务……[root@PXE-server ~]# service xinetd restart[root@PXE-server ~]# chkconfig xinetd on
[root@PXE-server ~]# cd /media/images/pxeboot/[root@PXE-server pxeboot]# cp initrd.img vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/ //将光盘中linux内核与镜像文件拷贝到tftp根目录下[root@PXE-server pxeboot]# yum -y install syslinux[root@PXE-server pxeboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/ //将网卡引导文件也拷贝至tftp根目录
2.创建PXE启动配置[root@PXE-server pxeboot]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg //创建文件夹
[root@PXE-server pxeboot]# cd ../../isolinux/[root@PXE-server isolinux]# cp isolinux.[root@PXE-server isolinux]# cp isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default //拷贝光盘中样例文件到tftp根目录下并改名为default 四．配置NFS共享[root@PXE-server isolinux]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind[root@PXE-server isolinux]# mkdir -p /data/nfs //创建nfs共享目录[root@PXE-server isolinux]# vim /etc/exports /data/nfs *（ro）[root@PXE-server isolinux]# cp -rf /media /data/nfs/ //将光盘下软件包拷贝到nfs共享目录
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# service rpcbind start[root@PXE-server isolinux]# service nfs start[root@PXE-server isolinux]# chkconfig rpcbind on[root@PXE-server isolinux]# chkconfig nfs on
五．配置DNS[root@PXE-server isolinux]# yum -y install bind bind-chroot[root@PXE-server isolinux]# vim /etc/named.conf …… listen-on port 53 { 192.168.100.250; };…… allow-query { any; };……zone "linuxidc.com.zone" IN { //正向解析 type master; file "linuxidc.com.zone";};
zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { //反向解析 type master; file "192.168.100.arpa";};……[root@PXE-server isolinux]# cd /var/named/[root@PXE-server named]# vim linuxidc.com.zone$TTL 3H@IN SOAlinuxidc.com. root.linuxidc.com. （2014041901 ; serial1D; refresh1H; retry1W; expire3H ）; minimumNSdns.linuxidc.com.dnsIN A192.168.100.250$GENERATE 100-200 client$ IN A 192.168.100.$ //使用函数解析
[root@PXE-server named]# vim 192.168.100.arpa$TTL 3H@IN SOAlinuxidc.com. root.linuxidc.com. （2014041901 ; serial1D; refresh1H; retry1W; expire3H ）; minimumNSdns.linuxidc.com.250IN PTRdns.linuxidc.com.$GENERATE 100-200 $ IN PTR client$.linuxidc.com.
[root@PXE-server named]# service named start[root@PXE-server named]# chkconfig named on
[root@PXE-server named]# nslookup 192.168.100.100 192.168.100.250 //测试反向解析[root@PXE-server named]# nslookup client181.linuxidc.com //测试正向解析
六．创建kickstart应答文件[root@PXE-server named]# yum -y install system-config-kickstart[root@PXE-server named]# system-config-kickstart //通过图形化工具配置客户端启动选项生成应答文件[root@PXE-server ~]# cp ks.cfg /data/nfs/ //部署到NFS共享目录[root@PXE-server ~]# cat ks.cfg //根据需要设置客户端配置应答文件#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T#version=DEVEL# Firewall configurationfirewall --disabled# Install OS instead of upgradeinstall# Use NFS installation medianfs --server=192.168.100.250 --dir=/data/nfs/media //通过NFS共享# Root passwordrootpw --iscrypted $1$sW2gH1K6$B333cigoFqn3IaAUK2RIj1# System authorization informationauth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512# Use text mode installtext //建议使用文本安装，速度更快 firstboot --disable# System keyboardkeyboard us# System languagelang en_AU# SELinux configurationselinux --disabled# Installation logging levellogging --level=info# Reboot after installationreboot# System timezonetimezone Asia/Shanghai# Network informationnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on# System bootloader configurationbootloader --location=mbr# Clear the Master Boot Recordzerombr# Partition clearing informationclearpart --all --initlabel# Disk partitioning informationpart /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048part / --fstype="ext4" --size=10000
%packages@base@basic-desktop@chinese-support@graphics@technical-writing@tex@x11
%end
[root@PXE-server ~]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default//default linux //默认启动#prompt 1timeout 600……label linux menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system menu default kernel vmlinuz append ks=nfs:192.168.100.250:/data/nfs/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img //在append后添加ks文件位置……七．客户端测试客户端主板必须支持网卡启动，ROM网卡必须支持PXE协议将客户端主机设置为网卡启动，开机测试更多RedHat相关信息见RedHat 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx？tid=10本文永久更新链接地址