CentOS 6.5 x86_64 系统定制自动化部署

一、制作环境准备
实验环境：
VMware Workstation
CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal 最小化安装
安装后，我们会使用系统 /root 目录下 install.log 和 anaconda-ks.cfg 这两个文件（在此基础上修改比较方便）1.1 定制步骤
1、安装最小化的操作系统.包括基本的系统和所需要的工具等.
比如:对于http,mysql等软件,建议使用编译的方式安装, 然后打包放进去,可以减少许多依赖包的麻烦.
2、安装系统后,收集系统已安装的软件包,使用脚本统一转存到一个目录中.
3、在安装光盘复制images镜像,从光盘启动centos安装所需的文件等.
4、定义自己的kickstart安装脚本.
5、按照之前转存的软件（rpm）包, 重新生成光盘的report信息.
6、打包生成ISO文件，及MD5效验码.1.2 安装所需工具包
[root@linuxidc ~]# yum -y install anaconda repodata createrepo mkisofs rsync1.3 下载CentOS 6.5镜像为了方便制作，我们可以在VMware、vbox、xen等虚拟环境中进行安装，这里我们选用了VMware作为制作环境。我们可以在官网或者其他比较近的镜像站点下载CentOS 镜像文件。CentOS-6.4-x86_64-minimal.iso二、定制系统
2.1 光盘目录结构*isolinux 目录存放光盘启动时的安装界面信息
*images 目录包括了必要的启动映像文件
*Packages 目录存放安装软件包及信息
*.discinfo 文件是安装价质的识别信息

MediaCentOS 目录存放媒体中心安装包
Repodata 目录存放rpm包依赖信息

5.x 系列， boot.iso 存在于 images/ 这个目录。
6.x 系列，存放于 /isolinux 目录下
6.x 网络安装需要在官网下载：netinstall.iso 镜像文件。2.2 挂载并拷贝文件目录规划：
挂载目录为： /mnt定制光盘文件目录： /root/iso[root@linuxidc ~]# pwd
/root
[root@linuxidc ~]# mkdir iso # 建立iso文件制作目录
[root@linuxidc ~]# mkdir -p ./iso/{Packages,repodata} # 建立软件包目录和repodata目录
[root@linuxidc ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt # 挂载 DVD
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

# 拷贝源DVD镜像中，除了Packages,repodata 目录外的所有文件到 iso 目录
[root@linuxidc ~]# /usr/bin/rsync -a --exclude=Packages --exclude=repodata /mnt/ ./iso/
[root@linuxidc ~]# ls iso
CentOS_BuildTag GPL Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
EFI images RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 TRANS.TBL
EULA isolinux repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6

# 参考当前系统的安装包，拷贝
[root@linuxidc ~]# awk "/Installing/ {print $2}" install.log | xargs -i cp /mnt/Packages/{}.rpm ./iso/Packages/
[root@linuxidc ~]# ls iso/Packages/ | wc -l
205

# 执行createrepo程序生成repodata下的comps.xml文件（重要）
#comps.xml 文件中包含了安装时用户所见到的与rpm相关的所有内容，它会检查Packages下
# 的RPM包的依赖关系，安装时如果缺少依赖包，它会提示您哪个RPM 包需要哪些依赖库。

[root@linuxidc ~]# pwd
/root
# 编辑 shell 脚本，并执行
#！/bin/bash

ISO_DIR=/root/iso
cd ${ISO_DIR}
declare -x discinfo=$（head -1 .discinfo）

cp /mnt/repodata/*-minimal-x86_64.xml ${ISO_DIR}/repodata/minimal-x86_64.xml

createrepo -g ${ISO_DIR}/repodata/minimal-x86_64.xml ${ISO_DIR}

createrepo -u "media://$discinfo" -g ${ISO_DIR}/repodata/*-minimal-x86_64.xml ${ISO_DIR}

###
到这里，comps.xml文件和其他相关联的文件已被重新生成到repodata目录下。
Tips2：如果你新增或删除了Packages目录的RPM包，请重新生成comps.xml文件。
三、制作 ks.cfg 脚本
ks文件由系统安装所创建的 anaconda-ks.cfg进行修改，当然也可以用system-config-kickstart工具制作而得。这里大家需要根据实际情况进行修改：
默认root用户密码： 123456静态获取地址硬盘至少15G[root@linuxidc ~]# pwd
/root
[root@linuxidc ~]# cp anaconda-ks.cfg ./iso/isolinux/ks.cfg
[root@linuxidc ~]# vim ./iso/isolinux/ks.cfg
## 请根据实际情况进行调整

# Kickstart file automatically generated byanaconda.

#version=DEVEL
install
cdrom
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto static --noipv6 --ip=192.168.3.132 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.3.254
rootpw --iscrypted$6$060kt9rryFXbrlgx$WWWNQYLnpz0Es8dTlouy3LXqjTdHIRToojidbpYoZrd2ETOJ.JsNbgnMylQVbFRThPZwSdRKJcrAml7LQDdR00
firewall --service=ssh
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
selinux --disabled
timezone --utc Asia/Chongqing

text
firstboot --disable
logging --level=info
reboot

bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
zerombr

# The following is the partitioninformation you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted arenot expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitionsfirst, this is
# not guaranteed to work
#clearpart --none

#part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=200
#part swap --size=2048
#part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200

clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=200
part swap --size=2048
part / --fstype=ext4 --size=10240
part /data --fstype=ext4 --size=1 --grow

# repo --name="CentOS" --baseurl=cdrom:sr0 --cost=100

%packages --nobase
@core
%end
四、修改 isolinux.cfg 配置文件，指定 ks 路径
注意，编辑这个文件，需要强制保存。 :wq！
[root@linuxidc ~]# vi ./iso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg

default vesamenu.c32
#prompt 1
timeout 600

display boot.msg

menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.5！
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000

label linux
menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg # 仅修改这里即可
label vesa
menu label Install system with ^basic video driver
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img xdriver=vesa nomodeset
label rescue
menu label ^Rescue installed system
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img rescue
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
localboot 0xffff
label memtest86
menu label ^Memory test
kernel memtest
append -五、生成iso镜像，并生成 MD5校验码
## 注意所在的目录
[root@linuxidc ~]# pwd
/root
[root@linuxidc ~]# cd iso
[root@linuxidc iso]# pwd
/root/iso
[root@linuxidc iso]# mkisofs -o CentOS-6.4_64.iso -input-charset utf-8 -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -R -J -v -T -joliet-long /root/iso

genisoimage 1.1.9 （Linux）
Scanning /root/iso
Excluded: /root/iso/TRANS.TBL
Scanning /root/iso/repodata
Scanning /root/iso/isolinux
Excluded: /root/iso/isolinux/TRANS.TBL
Excluded by match: /root/iso/isolinux/boot.cat
Scanning /root/iso/EFI
Excluded: /root/iso/EFI/TRANS.TBL
Scanning /root/iso/EFI/BOOT
Excluded: /root/iso/EFI/BOOT/TRANS.TBL
Scanning /root/iso/images
Excluded: /root/iso/images/TRANS.TBL
Scanning /root/iso/images/pxeboot
Excluded: /root/iso/images/pxeboot/TRANS.TBL
Scanning /root/iso/Packages
Using RPM_G000.;1 for /RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 （RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6）
Using RPM_G001.;1 for /RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 （RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6）
Using RPM_G002.;1 for /RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 （RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6）
Using CE2D6000.GZ;1 for /root/iso/repodata/ce2d698b9fb1413b668443e88835a0642cea8f387c7f25cc946f56dd93f109bb-34bae2d3c9c78e04ed2429923bc095005af1b166d1a354422c4c04274bae0f59-minimal-x86_64.xml.gz （ce2d698b9fb1413b668443e88835a0642cea8f387c7f25cc946f56dd93f109bb-minimal-x86_64.xml.gz）
Using NSS_S000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/nss-softokn-freebl-3.14.3-9.el6.x86_64.rpm （nss-softokn-3.14.3-9.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using OPENS000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/openssh-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64.rpm （openssh-clients-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using DEVIC000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-persistent-data-0.2.8-2.el6.x86_64.rpm （device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using FIPSC000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/fipscheck-1.2.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm （fipscheck-lib-1.2.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using DEVIC001.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm （device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using CRYPT000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/cryptsetup-luks-1.2.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm （cryptsetup-luks-libs-1.2.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using DEVIC002.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm （device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using IPTAB000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/iptables-1.4.7-11.el6.x86_64.rpm （iptables-ipv6-1.4.7-11.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using LIBSE000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/libselinux-utils-2.0.94-5.3.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm （libselinux-2.0.94-5.3.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm）
Using NCURS000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/ncurses-libs-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm （ncurses-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using DEVIC003.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm （device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using DEVIC004.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm （device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using NCURS001.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/ncurses-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm （ncurses-base-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using SELIN000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/selinux-policy-3.7.19-231.el6.noarch.rpm （selinux-policy-targeted-3.7.19-231.el6.noarch.rpm）
Using E2FSP000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-18.el6.x86_64.rpm （e2fsprogs-1.41.12-18.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using COREU000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/coreutils-8.4-31.el6.x86_64.rpm （coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using CYRUS000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/cyrus-sasl-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm （cyrus-sasl-lib-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm）
Using P11_K000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/p11-kit-trust-0.18.5-2.el6.x86_64.rpm （p11-kit-0.18.5-2.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using OPENS001.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/openssh-clients-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64.rpm （openssh-server-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using PLYMO000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/plymouth-core-libs-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm （plymouth-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm）
Using CRACK000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/cracklib-dicts-2.8.16-4.el6.x86_64.rpm （cracklib-2.8.16-4.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using DEVIC005.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm （device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm）
Using PLYMO001.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/plymouth-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm （plymouth-scripts-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm）
Writing: Initial Padblock Start Block 0
Done with: Initial Padblock Block（s） 16
Writing: Primary Volume Descriptor Start Block 16
Done with: Primary Volume Descriptor Block（s） 1
Writing: Eltorito Volume Descriptor Start Block 17
Size of boot image is 4 sectors -> No emulation
Done with: Eltorito Volume Descriptor Block（s） 1
Writing: Joliet Volume Descriptor Start Block 18
Done with: Joliet Volume Descriptor Block（s） 1
Writing: End Volume Descriptor Start Block 19
Done with: End Volume Descriptor Block（s） 1
Writing: Version block Start Block 20
Done with: Version block Block（s） 1
Writing: Path table Start Block 21
Done with: Path table Block（s） 4
Writing: Joliet path table Start Block 25
Done with: Joliet path table Block（s） 4
Writing: Directory tree Start Block 29
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Writing: Joliet directory tree Start Block 56
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Writing: Directory tree cleanup Start Block 74
Done with: Directory tree cleanup Block（s） 0
Writing: Extension record Start Block 74
Done with: Extension record Block（s） 1
Writing: The File（s） Start Block 75
2.48% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:32 2015
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Total translation table size: 63812
Total rockridge attributes bytes: 28361
Total directory bytes: 49152
Path table size（bytes）: 112
Done with: The File（s） Block（s） 201838
Writing: Ending Padblock Start Block 201913
Done with: Ending Padblock Block（s） 150
Max brk space used 5e000
202063 extents written （394 MB）

## OK，此时会在 /root/iso 目录创建一个名为CentOS-6.4_64.iso 的镜像文件
[root@linuxidc iso]# ls *.iso
CentOS-6.4_64.iso

### MD5 校验码
[root@linuxidc iso]# pwd
/root/iso
[root@linuxidc iso]# ls
CentOS-6.4_64.iso EULA isolinux repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
CentOS_BuildTag GPL Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
EFI images RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 TRANS.TBL

[root@linuxidc iso]# /usr/bin/implantisomd5 CentOS-6.4_64.iso
Inserting md5sum into iso image...
md5 = 90d069e78dddfb79877b4ab346ff2d50
Inserting fragment md5sums into iso image...
fragmd5 = 16b043bf617895ecdee76fae52dfa8c926525e3a645ae1bf96f259a5e895
frags = 20
Setting supported flag to 0
[root@linuxidc iso]#六、安装测试
可以通过 Filezilla ，winscp 等软件把 iso 镜像传出来。然后可以通过虚拟机安装测试，如果测试没有问题，那么就可以刻录成光盘了。
通过 VMware Workstation 创建虚拟机，然后使用刚才我们创建的镜像。然后启动虚拟机，就会自动安装了。是不是 so easy ...CentOS 6.5 配置IP地址的三种方法 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-03/114990.htm更多CentOS相关信息见CentOS 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx？tid=14本文永久更新链接地址