Linux LVM文件系统管理的创建和扩展

LVM（Logical Volume Manager）逻辑卷管理是在Linux2.4内核以上实现的磁盘管理技术。LVM将一个或多个硬盘的分区在逻辑上集合，相当于一个大硬盘来使用，当硬盘的空间不够使用的时候，可以继续将其它的硬盘的分区加入其中，这样可以实现磁盘空间的动态管理，相对于普通的磁盘分区有很大的灵活性。与传统的磁盘与分区相比，LVM为计算机提供了更高层次的磁盘存储。它使系统管理员可以更方便的为应用与用户分配存储空间。在LVM管理下的存储卷可以按需要随时改变大小与移除（可能需对文件系统工具进行升级）。LVM也允许按用户组对存储卷进行管理，允许管理员用更直观的名称（如"data"、 "Oracle"）代替物理磁盘名（如"sda"、"sdb"）来标识存储卷。物理存储介质（The physical media）：这里指系统的存储设备/dev/sda1、/dev/xvdb1等，是存储系统最低层的存储单元。物理卷（physical volume）：物理卷就是指硬盘分区或从逻辑上与磁盘分区具有同样功能的设备（如RAID），是LVM的基本存储逻辑块，但和基本的物理存储介质（如分区、磁盘等）比较，却包含有与LVM相关的管理参数，PV即物理的磁盘分区。卷组（Volume Group）：LVM卷组类似于非LVM系统中的物理硬盘，其由物理卷组成，可以在卷组上创建一个或多个“LVM分区”（逻辑卷），LVM卷组由一个或多个物理卷组成。逻辑卷（logical volume）：LVM的逻辑卷类似于非LVM系统中的硬盘分区，在逻辑卷之上可以建立文件系统（比如/home或者/usr等）。PE（physical extent）：每一个物理卷被划分为称为PE（Physical Extents）的基本单元，具有唯一编号的PE是可以被LVM寻址的最小单元。PE的大小是可配置的，默认为4MB。LE（logical extent）：逻辑卷也被划分为被称为LE（Logical Extents）的可被寻址的基本单位。在同一个卷组中，LE的大小和PE是相同的，并且一一对应。创建PVpvcreate /dev/xvdb1 /dev/xvdc1 /dev/xvde1创建VGvgcreate -s 8M datavg /dev/xvdb1 /dev/xvdc1 /dev/xvde1创建LVlvcreate -L 890G -n lvdata datavg挂载LV/dev/datavg/lvdata创建PVpvcreate /dev/xvdf1扩展VGvgextend datavg /dev/xvdf1扩展LVlvextend -L +100G /dev/datavg/lvdata扩展文件系统resize2fs /dev/datavg/lvdata案例：[root@hkpgsadg dev]# ls -l /dev/xvd*brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 0 Apr 13 16:37 /dev/xvdabrw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 1 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda1brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 2 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda2brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 3 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda3brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 16 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdbbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 17 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdb1brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 32 Apr 13 16:37 /dev/xvdcbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 64 Apr 13 16:37 /dev/xvdebrw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 80 Apr 13 16:37 /dev/xvdf[root@hkpgsadg dev]# fdisk /dev/xvdcDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x04acd4ca.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won"t be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w（rite）
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It"s strongly recommended to switch off the mode （command "c"） and change display units to sectors （command "u"）.
Command （m for help）: nCommand action e extended p primary partition （1-4）pPartition number （1-4）: 1First cylinder （1-65270, default 1）: Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} （1-65270, default 65270）: Using default value 65270
Command （m for help）: wThe partition table has been altered！
Calling ioctl（） to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@hkpgsadg dev]# ls -l /dev/xvd*brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 0 Apr 13 16:37 /dev/xvdabrw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 1 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda1brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 2 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda2brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 3 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda3brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 16 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdbbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 17 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdb1brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 32 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdcbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 33 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdc1brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 64 Apr 13 16:40 /dev/xvdebrw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 65 Apr 13 16:40 /dev/xvde1brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 80 Apr 13 16:40 /dev/xvdfbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 81 Apr 13 16:40 /dev/xvdf1
[root@hkpgsadg dev]# pvcreate /dev/xvdb1 /dev/xvdc1 /dev/xvde1 Physical volume "/dev/xvdb1" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/xvdc1" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/xvde1" successfully created[root@hkpgsadg dev]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/xvda2 VG Name VolGroup PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes （but full） PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4994 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 4994 PV UUID Tv6PfK-cNpj-zYU2-cPeY-Xp8H-guAW-YZOm7d    --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/xvda3 VG Name VolGroup PV Size 100.00 GiB / not usable 3.99 MiB Allocatable yes （but full） PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 25599 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 25599 PV UUID hhOoov-6TnF-p1Mg-mPc6-66If-zNwT-v8cIKB    "/dev/xvdb1" is a new physical volume of "100.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/xvdb1 VG Name    PV Size 100.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0    Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID OujuQi-rD1R-K91R-Ni82-jyAX-PpjD-ZnQvo5    "/dev/xvdc1" is a new physical volume of "499.99 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/xvdc1 VG Name    PV Size 499.99 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0    Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID grJiiL-KGug-ef3c-XF2J-ffS1-AhTl-xfHSMW    "/dev/xvde1" is a new physical volume of "300.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/xvde1 VG Name    PV Size 300.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0    Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID 08dOWh-3dFQ-rQ00-VTGi-h9S2-PbaJ-aQKYSe [root@hkpgsadg dev]# vgcreate -s 8M datavg /dev/xvdb1 /dev/xvdc1 /dev/xvde1 Volume group "datavg" successfully created[root@hkpgsadg dev]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name datavg System ID    Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 3 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 3 Act PV 3 VG Size 899.98 GiB PE Size 8.00 MiB Total PE 115197 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0    Free PE / Size 115197 / 899.98 GiB VG UUID fINMY5-wBKS-QBKi-N6QI-ihMD-YaVb-j90u0x    --- Volume group --- VG Name VolGroup System ID    Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 119.50 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 30593 Alloc PE / Size 30593 / 119.50 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0    VG UUID RdDeWr-qxlF-f1To-zNng-nxCV-e1Hd-3xVZfH [root@hkpgsadg dev]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name datavg System ID    Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 3 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 3 Act PV 3 VG Size 899.98 GiB PE Size 8.00 MiB Total PE 115197 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0    Free PE / Size 115197 / 899.98 GiB VG UUID fINMY5-wBKS-QBKi-N6QI-ihMD-YaVb-j90u0x    --- Volume group --- VG Name VolGroup System ID    Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 119.50 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 30593 Alloc PE / Size 30593 / 119.50 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0    VG UUID RdDeWr-qxlF-f1To-zNng-nxCV-e1Hd-3xVZfH [root@hkpgsadg dev]# vgdisplay datavg --- Volume group --- VG Name datavg System ID    Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 3 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 3 Act PV 3 VG Size 899.98 GiB PE Size 8.00 MiB Total PE 115197 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0    Free PE / Size 115197 / 899.98 GiB VG UUID fINMY5-wBKS-QBKi-N6QI-ihMD-YaVb-j90u0x [root@hkpgsadg dev]# lvcreate -L 890G -n lvdata datavg Logical volume "lvdata" created[root@hkpgsadg dev]# lvdisplay   --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/datavg/lvdata LV Name lvdata VG Name datavg LV UUID yFWfNu-E1cr-px49-K9tH-Q0vU-BjfL-yt8hWh LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time hkpgsadg, 2016-04-13 16:45:21 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 890.00 GiB Current LE 113920 Segments 3 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2    --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_root LV Name lv_root VG Name VolGroup LV UUID 4bM3bz-gttp-qKgr-sd9L-d24M-RMEb-LO4L4h LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-07-07 18:28:07 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 115.58 GiB Current LE 29589 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0    --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_swap LV Name lv_swap VG Name VolGroup LV UUID Ic6bZU-mt6c-b0LK-1n7F-62Kc-16V1-TkcXBU LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-07-07 18:28:11 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 3.92 GiB Current LE 1004 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1
[root@hkpgsadg dev]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/datavg/lvdatamke2fs 1.41.12 （17-May-2010）Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 （log=2）Fragment size=4096 （log=2）Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks58327040 inodes, 233308160 blocks11665408 blocks （5.00%） reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=42949672967120 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:   32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,   4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,   102400000, 214990848
Writing inode tables: done Creating journal （32768 blocks）: doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@hkpgsadg dev]# mkdir /data[root@hkpgsadg dev]# mount /dev/datavg/lvdata /data [root@hkpgsadg dev]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 114G 4.5G 104G 5% /tmpfs 62G 0 62G 0% /dev/shm/dev/xvda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot/dev/mapper/datavg-lvdata 877G 200M 832G 1% /data[root@hkpgsadg dev]#
[root@hkpgsadg data]# pvcreate /dev/xvdf1 Physical volume "/dev/xvdf1" successfully created[root@hkpgsadg data]# vgextend datavg /dev/xvdf1 Volume group "datavg" successfully extended[root@hkpgsadg data]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/datavg/lvdata LV Name lvdata VG Name datavg LV UUID yFWfNu-E1cr-px49-K9tH-Q0vU-BjfL-yt8hWh LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time hkpgsadg, 2016-04-13 16:45:21 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 890.00 GiB Current LE 113920 Segments 3 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2
[root@hkpgsadg data]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name datavg System ID    Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 4 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 4 Act PV 4 VG Size 1.17 TiB PE Size 8.00 MiB Total PE 153596 Alloc PE / Size 113920 / 890.00 GiB Free PE / Size 39676 / 309.97 GiB VG UUID fINMY5-wBKS-QBKi-N6QI-ihMD-YaVb-j90u0x
[root@hkpgsadg data]# lvextend -L +100G /dev/datavg/lvdata Extending logical volume lvdata to 990.00 GiB Logical volume lvdata successfully resized[root@hkpgsadg data]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 114G 4.5G 104G 5% /tmpfs 62G 0 62G 0% /dev/shm/dev/xvda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot/dev/mapper/datavg-lvdata 877G 200M 832G 1% /data[root@hkpgsadg data]# resize2fs /dev/datavg/lvdataresize2fs 1.41.12 （17-May-2010）Filesystem at /dev/datavg/lvdata is mounted on /data; on-line resizing requiredold desc_blocks = 56, new_desc_blocks = 62Performing an on-line resize of /dev/datavg/lvdata to 259522560 （4k） blocks.The filesystem on /dev/datavg/lvdata is now 259522560 blocks long.
[root@hkpgsadg data]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 114G 4.5G 104G 5% /tmpfs 62G 0 62G 0% /dev/shm/dev/xvda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot/dev/mapper/datavg-lvdata 975G 200M 925G 1% /data
Created by Tony.Tang[TangYun]2016.04－－－－－－－－－－－－－End－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－LVM2详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/122976.htmUbuntu 上使用 LVM 轻松调整分区并制作快照 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/122563.htm使用LVM创建弹性磁盘存储——第一部分 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/107697.htm在Linux中扩展/缩减LVM（第二部分） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/107786.htm在 LVM中录制逻辑卷快照并恢复（第三部分） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/108867.htm在LVM中设置精简资源调配卷（第四部分） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/109757.htm使用条块化I/O管理多个LVM磁盘（第五部分） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-12/110532.htm本文永久更新链接地址