Linux基础网络设置

查看Linux网络参数

ifconfig—-查看网络接口

> [root@localhost ~]# ifconfigeth1Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 00:0C:29:33:4A:0Cinet addr:192.168.4.115Bcast:192.168.4.255Mask:255.255.255.0inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe33:4a0c/64 Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1RX packets:8133 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:5861 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:818322 （799.1 KiB）TX bytes:835205 （815.6 KiB）loLink encap:Local Loopbackinet addr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:HostUP LOOPBACK RUNNINGMTU:16436Metric:1RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:946 （946.0 b）TX bytes:946 （946.0 b）

hostname—-查看主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamelocalhost

route—-查看路由表

[root@localhost ~]# routeKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric RefUse Iface192.168.4.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 100 eth1default localhost 0.0.0.0 UG000 eth1

netstat—查看网络连接情况
-a 所有， -n 数字， -r路由表，-l监听，-t TCP， -u UDP， -p 进程号

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antput Active Internet connections （servers and established）Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp00 0.0.0.0:875 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN2262/rpc.rquotadtcp00 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN1963/rpcbindtcp00 0.0.0.0:33073 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN- tcp00 0.0.0.0:40337 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN2266/rpc.mountd tcp00 0.0.0.0:53586 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN2010/rpc.statdtcp00 0.0.0.0:220.0.0.0:* LISTEN2345/sshd tcp00 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN2084/cupsdtcp00 127.0.0.1:250.0.0.0:* LISTEN2590/master tcp00 0.0.0.0:35161 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN2266/rpc.mountd tcp00 0.0.0.0:20490.0.0.0:* LISTEN- tcp00 0.0.0.0:42759 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN2266/rpc.mountd tcp00 0.0.0.0:33060.0.0.0:* LISTEN3041/mysqld tcp0756 192.168.4.115:22192.168.4.105:52347 ESTABLISHED 2788/sshd tcp00 :::111:::*LISTEN1963/rpcbindtcp00 :::53461:::*LISTEN2266/rpc.mountd tcp00 :::22 :::*LISTEN2345/sshd tcp00 ::1:631 :::*LISTEN2084/cupsdtcp00 ::1:25:::*LISTEN2590/master tcp00 :::60442:::*LISTEN2266/rpc.mountd

Ping —-测试连通性

[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.comPING www.a.shifen.com （123.125.65.78） 56（84） bytes of data.64 bytes from 123.125.65.78: icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=141 ms64 bytes from 123.125.65.78: icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=18.9 ms64 bytes from 123.125.65.78: icmp_seq=3 ttl=56 time=17.3 ms64 bytes from 123.125.65.78: icmp_seq=4 ttl=56 time=19.9 ms

Nslookup—-测试DNS域名解析

[root@localhost ~]# nslookup> www.baidu.com Server: 192.168.1.1Address:192.168.1.1#53Non-authoritative answer:www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.Name: www.a.shifen.comAddress: 123.125.65.78Name: www.a.shifen.comAddress: 123.125.65.82

Traceroute—路由跟踪

[root@localhost ~]# traceroute www.baidu.comtraceroute to www.baidu.com （119.75.218.70）, 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1192.168.40.1 （192.168.40.1）1.223 ms3.555 ms4.307 ms 2117.100.128.1 （117.100.128.1）8.126 ms8.927 ms8.623 ms 3124.205.97.48 （124.205.97.48）8.430 ms8.248 ms8.100 ms 4219.239.249.25 （219.239.249.25）7.906 ms7.953 ms7.887 ms 514.197.177.9 （14.197.177.9）7.874 ms 14.197.178.45 （14.197.178.45）7.672 ms 14.197.178.41 （14.197.178.41）7.485 ms 614.197.253.49 （14.197.253.49）11.445 ms * *

配置linux网络参数

一. 临时配置：一般用命令来配置，马上生效，重启无效

修改网卡的地址，状态 ifconfig 网络接口名称 IP地址 netmask 子网掩码

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 192.168.40.20 netmask 255.255.255.0

ifconfig 网络接口名称 ip地址/子网掩码长度

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 192.168.40.20/32

ifconfig eth0 down/up 或者 ifdown/up eth0 或者service network
restart

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 down[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 up[root@localhost ~]# ifdown eth1[root@localhost ~]# ifup eth1[root@localhost ~]# service network restart

ifconfig eth0:0 10.1.1.1 设置启动后生效复制eth0的配置文件给eth0:0,并进行配置

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1:0 10.1.1.1

添加静态路由：Route add –net ip地址/掩码 gw 下一跳地址

[root@localhost ~]# route add -net 192.148.40.0/32 gw 192.148.40.1

删除路由：route del –net 目标网段/掩码

[root@localhost ~]# route del -net 192.148.40.0/32

添加默认网关：route add default gw ip地址删除默认网关：route del default gw ip地址

[root@localhost ~]# route add default gw 192.168.4.1 [root@localhost ~]# route del default gw 192.168.4.1

Hostname 新主机名修改后可输入bash调用新的Shell查看，或者exit注销后重新登录

[root@localhost ~]# hostname linuxidc[root@localhost ~]# bash[root@linuxidc ~]# 二. 固定配置：一般是更改配置文件，需要重启生效

网卡的配置文件：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethX。设置ip地址、子网掩码、默认网关等。

DEVICE=eth0#设备名字ONBOOT=yes#是否随系统启动而启动BOOTPROTO=static （dhcp） # 网络参数配置方式IPADDR=192.168.4.1#ip地址NETMASK=255.255.255.0# 子网掩码GATEWAY=192.168.4.2# 默认网关DNS1=202.106.0.20# DNS地址

主机名的配置文件：/etc/sysconfig/network

[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/networkNETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=localhost

DNS服务器配置文件：/etc/resolv.conf

[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf# Generated by NetworkManagernameserver 192.168.1.1nameserver 192.168.4.1

ip与主机映射：/etc/hosts

[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

重启所有网卡：service network restart

[root@linuxidc ~]# service network restart

重启个别网卡：ifdown eth0 ifup eth0

[root@linuxidc ~]# ifdown eth1[root@linuxidc ~]# ifup eth1本文永久更新链接地址