Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): t # 调整分区类型 Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd # 选择fd Changed type of partition "Linux" to "Linux raid autodetect"
Command (m for help): w # 存盘退出 The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. <3>创建RAID设备 [root@centos7~]#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 5 -n 4 -x 1 /dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f}1 mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system size=2097152K mtime=Thu Jan 1 08:00:00 1970 mdadm: /dev/sde1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system size=2097152K mtime=Mon Aug 29 21:32:01 2016 Continue creating array? y # 确定创建 mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. # 创建完成并启动 <4>查看创建进度 [root@centos7/mnt]#cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sde1[5] sdf1[4](S) sdd1[2] sdc1[1] sdb1[0] 6285312 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] # RAID5创建完成,正式启动 unused devices: <none> <5>查看RAID配置 [root@centos7~]#mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 15:38:04 2016 Raid Level : raid5 # RAID级别 Array Size : 6285312 (5.99 GiB 6.44 GB) # 阵列大小,使用率为n-1/n Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB) # 备用的磁盘空间大小 Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 5 Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 15:38:14 2016 State : clean Active Devices : 4 # RAID工作状况 Working Devices : 5 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain) UUID : fe6313e4:bc14f451:01602e5e:13820d53 Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1 5 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1
4 8 81 - spare /dev/sdf1 # 备用盘 <6>为RAID5创建文件系统 [root@centos7/mnt]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=384 blocks 393216 inodes, 1571328 blocks ... # 文件系统创建成功 <7>挂载RAID # 创建挂载点 [root@centos7~]#mkdir /mnt/raid # 编辑/etc/fstab [root@centos7~]#vim /etc/fstab ... UUID="24adec89-2933-47e3-b824-11e25ef679cf" /mnt/raid ext4 defaults 0 0 ... # 挂载 [root@centos7~]#mount -a # 查看挂载 [root@centos7~]#mount ... /dev/md0 on /mnt/raid type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,stripe=384,data=ordered) <8>创建RAID配置文件 [root@centos7~]#mdadm -Ds /dev/md0 > /etc/mdadm.conf [root@centos7~]#cat /etc/mdadm.conf ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=localhost.localdomain:0 UUID=fe6313e4:bc14f451:01602e5e:13820d53 <9>测试 [root@centos7~]#cp /etc/* /mnt/raid/ -r # 数据已通过挂载点存储在RAID5上 [root@centos7~]#cat /mnt/raid/issue S Kernel
on an m <9>模拟损坏一块磁盘# 模拟损坏 [root@centos7~]#mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdb1 mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md0 # 已损坏 # 查看RAID运行状况 [root@centos7~]#mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 15:38:04 2016 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 6285312 (5.99 GiB 6.44 GB) Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 5 Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 16:25:52 2016 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K
Rebuild Status : 57% complete # 进度
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain) UUID : fe6313e4:bc14f451:01602e5e:13820d53 Events : 29
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 4 8 81 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdf1 # 正在修复中 1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1 5 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1
0 8 17 - faulty /dev/sdb1 # faulty状态 # 查看数据 [root@centos7~]#cat /etc/issue S Kernel
on an m # 数据无损坏 <10>不修复faulty硬盘,再次模拟损坏一块硬盘 # 损坏硬盘 [root@centos7~]#mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdc1 mdadm: set /dev/sdc1 faulty in /dev/md0 # 查看状态 [root@centos7~]#mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 15:38:04 2016 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 6285312 (5.99 GiB 6.44 GB) Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 5 Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 16:33:01 2016 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 2 Spare Devices : 0
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 4 8 81 0 active sync /dev/sdf1 2 0 0 2 removed # 没有硬盘顶替,显示remove状态 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1 5 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1
0 8 17 - faulty /dev/sdb1 # 已损坏 1 8 33 - faulty /dev/sdc1 # 已损坏 # 再次查看数据 [root@centos7~]#cat /mnt/raid/issue S Kernel
on an m # 数据无损 <11>依然不修复,再次损坏 # 损坏硬盘 [root@centos7~]#mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdd1 mdadm: set /dev/sdd1 faulty in /dev/md0 [root@centos7~]#mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 15:38:04 2016 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 6285312 (5.99 GiB 6.44 GB) Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 5 Persistence : Superbloc k is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 16:39:41 2016 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 3 Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain) UUID : fe6313e4:bc14f451:01602e5e:13820d53 Events : 41
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 4 8 81 0 active sync /dev/sdf1 2 0 0 2 removed # 移除 4 0 0 4 removed # 移除 5 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1