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首页 / 操作系统 / Linux / 在Linux-2.6.32.2下为ST16C554移植驱动的经历

一、Linux 驱动的基本理论    理解linux驱动,最重要的是要区分device和driver这两个概念,要搞清device和driver之间的联系。 device 描述了某个设备所占用的硬件资源(地址、中断),可以理解为硬件方面描述。而driver则是描述了使用和操作该设备的方法、流程、逻辑,可以理解为软件方面的描述。这二者之间的对应联系是一个设备名。我们来看一下两个结构体的定义:struct platform_device {       const char* name;      int id;      struct device dev;      u32 num_resources;      struct resource      * resource;      struct platform_device_id * id_entry;      struct pdev_archdata archdata;};在arch/arm/mach-s 3c2440/mach-mini2440.c中初始化struct device {      struct device         *parent;      struct device_private    *p;      struct kobject kobj;      const char             *init_name;      struct device_type *type;      struct semaphore  sem;            struct bus_type     *bus;                  struct device_driver *driver;            void        *platform_data;         struct dev_pm_info      power;#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA      int           numa_node;  #endif      u64        *dma_mask;       u64        coherent_dma_mask;      struct device_dma_parameters *dma_parms;      struct list_head      dma_pools;        struct dma_coherent_mem  *dma_mem;      struct dev_archdata     archdata;      dev_t      devt;                   spinlock_t             devres_lock;      struct list_head      devres_head;      struct klist_node   knode_class;      struct class            *class;      const struct attribute_group **groups;           void (*release)(struct device *dev);};       struct platform_driver {              int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);              int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);              void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);              int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);              int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);              struct device_driver driver;              struct platform_device_id *id_table;};drivers/serial/8250.c中初始化struct device_driver {       const char *name;        struct bus_type *bus;       struct module *owner;       const char *mod_name;            bool suppress_bind_attrs;         int (*probe) (struct device *dev);       int (*remove) (struct device *dev);       void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);       int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);       int (*resume) (struct device *dev);       const struct attribute_group **groups;       const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;       struct driver_private *p;}; 二、ST16C554   st16c554是一款集成了4路标准异步串行收发器的串口扩展芯片,也就是通常所说的16c550(也同8250)适应串口。可以将其看成是简单封装了4个16c550的芯片。它的操作方法和寄存器用法与8250完全相同,因此我们可以用linux内经典的8250驱动来驱动st16c554。 三、移植过程    硬件平台:mini2440 系统:linux-2.6.32.2    红色部分为添加的语句。1.       修改arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c添加头文件#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554#include <linux/serial_8250.h>#endif初始化st16c554platform_device数据结构 #define PORT(_base,_irq)                             { //ARM体系结构中将IOMEMORY统一编址,     //因此这里使用的是Memory地址                                   .mapbase          (unsigned long)_base,             .irq                = _irq,                             .uartclk          = 1843200,                     .iotype           = UPIO_MEM32,                        .flags             = (UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF | UPF_IOREMAP),               .regshift         = 0,   }static struct plat_serial8250_port mini2440_st16c554_8250_data[] = {         PORT(S3C2410_CS1 + 0x0, IRQ_EINT0),         PORT(S3C2410_CS2 + 0x0, IRQ_EINT1),         PORT(S3C2410_CS3 + 0x0, IRQ_EINT2),         PORT(S3C2410_CS5 + 0x0, IRQ_EINT3),         { },};static struct platform_device mini2440_device_st16c554 = {     .name            = "serial8250",     .id                 = PLAT8250_DEV_EXAR_ST16C554,     .dev               = {            .platform_data      = &mini2440_st16c554_8250_data,     },};st16c554对应的platform_device数据结构体添加到mini2440对应的platform_device数据结构体中。 static struct platform_device *mini2440_devices[] __initdata = {  &s3c_device_usb,  &s3c_device_rtc,  &s3c_device_lcd,  &s3c_device_wdt,  &s3c_device_i2c0,  &s3c_device_iis,  &mini2440_device_eth,//#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554  &mini2440_device_st16c554,//#endif  &s3c24xx_uda134x,  &s3c_device_nand,  &s3c_device_sdi,  &s3c_device_usbgadget,};2.修改 drivers/serial/8250.c    添加头文件#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554#include <mach/regs-mem.h>#endif 修改S3C2440 四个Bank使用的的 bus width8位,以及设定这四个Bank的总线 timingstatic int __init serial8250_init(void){       int ret;       if (nr_uarts > UART_NR)              nr_uarts = UART_NR;       printk(KERN_INFO "Serial: 8250/16550 driver, "              "%d ports, IRQ sharing %sabled ", nr_uarts,              share_irqs ? "en" : "dis");#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554             *((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BWSCON) =((*((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BWSCON)) & ~(0x30333<<4))                            | S3C2410_BWSCON_DW1_8                            | S3C2410_BWSCON_DW2_8                            | S3C2410_BWSCON_DW3_8                            | S3C2410_BWSCON_DW5_8;             //     *((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BANKCON1) = 0x1f7c;       //     *((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BANKCON2) = 0x1f7c;          //     *((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BANKCON3) = 0x1f7c;       //     *((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BANKCON5) = 0x1f7c;#endif#ifdef CONFIG_SPARC       ret = sunserial_register_minors(&serial8250_reg, UART_NR);#else       serial8250_reg.nr = UART_NR;       ret = uart_register_driver(&serial8250_reg);#endif       if (ret)              goto out;#ifdef CONFIG_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554serial8250_isa_devs =platform_device_alloc("serial8250", PLAT8250_DEV_EXAR_ST16C554);#else       serial8250_isa_devs = platform_device_alloc("serial8250",                                              PLAT8250_DEV_LEGACY);#endif修改中断信号的类型为下降沿触发       if (i->head) {              list_add(&up->list, i->head);              spin_unlock_irq(&i->lock);              ret = 0;       } else {              INIT_LIST_HEAD(&up->list);              i->head = &up->list;              spin_unlock_irq(&i->lock);#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554              irq_flags |= IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING;#else              irq_flags |= up->port.irqflags;#endif              ret = request_irq(up->port.irq, serial8250_interrupt,                              irq_flags, "serial", i);              if (ret < 0)                     serial_do_unlink(i, up);       }3.修改 drivers/serial/Kconfig添加一个编译配置选项config SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554       bool "Support MINI2440 Extend ST16C554/554D Quad UART"       depends on SERIAL_8250       help     A chip of ST16C554 is uesed to extend Quad UART on the MINI2440 Board.  If you are tinkering with ST16C554, or have a machine with this UART, say Y here.To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module will be called 8250_mini2440_st16c554. 4.重新编译内核> make menucofigDevice Drivers  à       Character Devices  à                     Serial Drivers  à               <*> 8250/16c550 and compatible serial support                            [*] Support MINI2440 Extend ST16C554/554D Quad UART保存.config文件> make zImage 这样驱动就添加好了,如果你的根文件系统使用了mdev,那么不用做任何修改,mdev会自动地将四个新串口添加在 /dev/serial/tty目录下面,分别为 ttyS0, ttyS1, ttyS2, ttyS3。查看更详细的信息> cat /proc/tty/driver/serial 将显示四个串口的物理地址和虚拟地址 四.碰到的问题内核启动过程中,报错Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 000000c0产生这个错误有两种可能:(1       地址指针错误,比如在初始化平台设备结构体时丢掉了&符号。static struct platform_device mini2440_device_st16c554 = {     .name            = "serial8250",     .id                 = PLAT8250_DEV_EXAR_ST16C554,     .dev               = {            .platform_data      = &mini2440_st16c554_8250_data,     },};2       在为ST16C554的四个端口指定系统地址时,没有使用Memory地址,而使用了IO地址。#define PORT(_base,_irq)                                                                                                    .mapbase              = (unsigned long)_base,                 .irq                = _irq,                             .uartclk          = 1843200,                     .iotype           = UPIO_MEM32,                        .flags             = (UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF | UPF_IOREMAP),               .regshift         = 0,   }driver/serial/8250_exar_st16c554.c中使用的是IO地址#define PORT(_base,_irq)                                                                             .iobase   = _base,                  .irq         = _irq,                            .uartclk   = 1843200,                    .iotype    = UPIO_PORT,                    .flags      = UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF,        }