Python 随版本的不同,语法也有一些差异。 具体可以参考最新的Python帮助文档。 以下说明都是基于Python 3.1 版本。 一. Python 变量类型#整型integer_number = 90 #浮点float_number = 90.4 #复数complex_number = 10 + 10j #list 序列:列表、元组和字符串都是序列,序列的两个主要特点是索引操作符和切片操作符。 sample_list = [1,2,3,"abc"] #dictionary 字典sample_dic = {"key":value, 2:3} #tuple 只读的序列sample_tuple = (1,3,"ab") 二. Python 程序流程控制2.1 条件判断结构flag1 = some_valueflag2 = other_valueif flag1: do_function_1()elif flag2: do_function_2()else: do_function_3() 2.2 循环结构for i in range(0, 10): print(i) for i in ["a","b","c","dd","eee"]; print(i) 三. Print 函数及格式化输出3.1 Print 自动换行 在Python 3.0 以后,Python 在print 函数上做了修改。 在Python 2.x 版本中,示例如下: for i in range(0,5): print i默认情况是自动换行的,如果说是不自动换行,在最后加逗号就可以了:print i, 在Python 3.0 的文档里,对print 说明如下:print([object, ...], *, sep=" ", end="
", file=sys.stdout) Print object(s) to the stream file, separated by sep and followed by end. sep, end and file, if present, must be given as keyword arguments. All non-keyword arguments are converted to strings like str() does and written to the stream, separated by sep and followed by end. Both sep and end must be strings; they can also be None, which means to use the default values. If no object is given, print() will just write end. The file argument must be an object with a write(string) method; if it is not present or None, sys.stdout will be used. 在Python 3.x 版本中,如果不想自动换行,就需要使用end 参数。该参数默认使用"
",即回车换行,如果不想使用,换成其他字符,或者为空即可。 示例如下: >>> for i in range(5): print(i,end="") 01234>>> for i in range(5): print(i) 01234>>> for i in range(5): print(i,end=",") 0,1,2,3,4, 3.2 print 正常输出使用print输出各型的 (1). 字符串(2). 整数(3). 浮点数(4). 出度及精度控制 >>> str = "tianlesoftware Oracle dba">>> print(str);tianlesoftware oracle dba>>> 3.3 格式化输出整数python print也支持参数格式化,与C言的printf似, 示例: >>> str = "the length of (%s) is %d" %("Hello World",len("Hello World"))>>> print(str)the length of (Hello World) is 11 或者直接写道print里:>>> print( "the length of (%s) is %d" %("Hello World",len("Hello World")))the length of (Hello World) is 11>>> 3.4 格式化输出16制整数nHex = 0x20#%x --- hex 十六进制#%d --- dec 十进制#%o --- oct 八进制 示例:>>> nHex = 0x20>>> print("nHex = %x,nDec = %d,nOct = %o" %(nHex,nHex,nHex))nHex = 20,nDec = 32,nOct = 40 3.5 格式化输出浮点数(float)#导入math 模块>>> import math#default>>> print("PI = %f" % math.pi)PI = 3.141593#width = 10,precise = 3,align = left>>> print("PI = %10.3f" % math.pi)PI = 3.142#width = 10,precise = 3,align = rigth>>> print("PI = %-10.3f" % math.pi)PI = 3.142 #前面填充字符>>> print("PI = %06d" % int(math.pi))PI = 000003>>> 3.6 格式化输出字符串(string)#precise = 3>>> print("%.3s " % ("jcodeer"))jco#precise = 4>>> print("%.*s" % (4,"jcodeer"))jcod#width = 10,precise = 3>>> print ("%10.3s" % ("jcodeer")) jco 3.7 输出列表(list)#list直接打印即可>>> l = [1,2,3,4,"tianlesoftware"]>>> print(l)[1, 2, 3, 4, "tianlesoftware"]>>> print(l[0])1>>> print(l[4])tianlesoftware 3.8 输出字典(dictionary)>>> dave = {1:"A",2:"B",3:"C",4:"D"}>>> print(dave){1: "A", 2: "B", 3: "C", 4: "D"}>>> print(dave[4])D>>> print(dave[1])A