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Linux驱动修炼之道-驱动中一些常见的宏
本文档讲解一下驱动中常用的宏,下边一个一个来说,先声明我使用的内核是Linux2.6.30.4。
Linux在arch/$(ARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds中定义了.init段,当内核启动完毕,这个段中的内存会被释放掉供其他使用,vmlinux.lds部分内容如下:
OUTPUT_ARCH(arm)
ENTRY(stext)
jiffies = jiffies_64;
SECTIONS
{
. = 0xC0000000 + 0x00008000;
.text.head : {
_stext = .;
_sinittext = .;
*(.text.head)
}
.init : {
/* Init code and data */
*(.init.text) *(.cpuinit.text) *(.meminit.text)
_einittext = .;
__proc_info_begin = .;
*(.proc.info.init)
__proc_info_end = .;
__arch_info_begin = .;
*(.arch.info.init)
__arch_info_end = .;
__tagtable_begin = .;
*(.taglist.init)
__tagtable_end = .;
. = ALIGN(16);
__setup_start = .;
*(.init.setup)
__setup_end = .;
__early_begin = .;
*(.early_param.init)
__early_end = .;
__initcall_start = .;
*(.initcallearly.init) __early_initcall_end = .; *(.initcall0.init) *(.initcall0s.init) *(.initcall1.init) *(.initcall1s.init) *(.initcall2.init) *(.initcall2s.init) *(.initcall3.init) *(.initcall3s.init) *(.initcall4.init) *(.initcall4s.init) *(.initcall5.init) *(.initcall5s.init) *(.initcallrootfs.init) *(.initcall6.init) *(.initcall6s.init) *(.initcall7.init) *(.initcall7s.init)
__initcall_end = .;
__con_initcall_start = .;
*(.con_initcall.init)
__con_initcall_end = .;
__security_initcall_start = .;
*(.security_initcall.init)
__security_initcall_end = .;
. = ALIGN(32);
__initramfs_start = .;
usr/built-
in
.o(.init.ramfs)
__initramfs_end = .;
. = ALIGN(4096);
__per_cpu_load = .;
__per_cpu_start = .;
*(.data.percpu.page_aligned)
*(.data.percpu)
*(.data.percpu.shared_aligned)
__per_cpu_end = .;
__init_begin = _stext;
*(.init.data) *(.cpuinit.data) *(.cpuinit.rodata) *(.meminit.data) *(.meminit.rodata)
. = ALIGN(4096);
__init_end = .;
}
/DISCARD/ : {
/* Exit code and data */
*(.exit.text) *(.cpuexit.text) *(.memexit.text)
*(.exit.data) *(.cpuexit.data) *(.cpuexit.rodata) *(.memexit.data) *(.memexit.rodata)
*(.exitcall.exit)
*(.ARM.exidx.exit.text)
*(.ARM.extab.exit.text)
}
.text : {
/* Real text segment */
_text = .;
/* Text and read-only data */
__exception_text_start = .;
*(.exception.text)
__exception_text_end = .;
. = ALIGN(8); *(.text.hot) *(.text) *(.
ref
.text) *(.devinit.text) *(.devexit.text) *(.text.unlikely)
. = ALIGN(8); __sched_text_start = .; *(.sched.text) __sched_text_end = .;
. = ALIGN(8); __lock_text_start = .; *(.spinlock.text) __lock_text_end = .;
. = ALIGN(8); __kprobes_text_start = .; *(.kprobes.text) __kprobes_text_end = .;
*(.fixup)
*(.gnu.warning)
*(.rodata)
*(.rodata.*)
*(.glue_7)
*(.glue_7t)
*(.got)
/* Global offset table */
}
. = ALIGN((4096)); .rodata : AT(ADDR(.rodata) - 0) { __start_rodata = .; *(.rodata) *(.rodata.*) *(__vermagic) *(__markers_strings) *(__tracepoints_strings) } .rodata1 : AT(ADDR(.rodata1) - 0) { *(.rodata1) } .pci_fixup : AT(ADDR(.pci_fixup) - 0) { __start_pci_fixups_early = .; *(.pci_fixup_early) __end_pci_fixups_early = .; __start_pci_fixups_header = .; *(.pci_fixup_header) __end_pci_fixups_header = .; __start_pci_fixups_final = .; *(.pci_fixup_final) __end_pci_fixups_final = .; __start_pci_fixups_enable = .; *(.pci_fixup_enable) __end_pci_fixups_enable = .; __start_pci_fixups_resume = .; *(.pci_fixup_resume) __end_pci_fixups_resume = .; __start_pci_fixups_resume_early = .; *(.pci_fixup_resume_early) __end_pci_fixups_resume_early = .; __start_pci_fixups_suspend = .; *(.pci_fixup_suspend) __end_pci_fixups_suspend = .; } .builtin_fw : AT(ADDR(.builtin_fw) - 0) { __start_builtin_fw = .; *(.builtin_fw) __end_builtin_fw = .; } .rio_route : AT(ADDR(.rio_route) - 0) { __start_rio_route_ops = .; *(.rio_route_ops) __end_rio_route_ops = .; } __ksymtab : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab) - 0) { __start___ksymtab = .; *(__ksymtab) __stop___ksymtab = .; } __ksymtab_gpl : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_gpl) - 0) { __start___ksymtab_gpl = .; *(__ksymtab_gpl) __stop___ksymtab_gpl = .; } __ksymtab_unused : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_unused) - 0) { __start___ksymtab_unused = .; *(__ksymtab_unused) __stop___ksymtab_unused = .; } __ksymtab_unused_gpl : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_unused_gpl) - 0) { __start___ksymtab_unused_gpl = .; *(__ksymtab_unused_gpl) __stop___ksymtab_unused_gpl = .; } __ksymtab_gpl_future : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_gpl_future) - 0) { __start___ksymtab_gpl_future = .; *(__ksymtab_gpl_future) __stop___ksymtab_gpl_future = .; } __kcrctab : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab) - 0) { __start___kcrctab = .; *(__kcrctab) __stop___kcrctab = .; } __kcrctab_gpl : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab_gpl) - 0) { __start___kcrctab_gpl = .; *(__kcrctab_gpl) __stop___kcrctab_gpl = .; } __kcrctab_unused : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab_unused) - 0) { __start___kcrctab_unused = .; *(__kcrctab_unused) __stop___kcrctab_unused = .; } __kcrctab_unused_gpl : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab_unused_gpl) - 0) { __start___kcrctab_unused_gpl = .; *(__kcrctab_unused_gpl) __stop___kcrctab_unused_gpl = .; } __kcrctab_gpl_future : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab_gpl_future) - 0) { __start___kcrctab_gpl_future = .; *(__kcrctab_gpl_future) __stop___kcrctab_gpl_future = .; } __ksymtab_strings : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_strings) - 0) { *(__ksymtab_strings) } __init_rodata : AT(ADDR(__init_rodata) - 0) { *(.
ref
.rodata) *(.devinit.rodata) *(.devexit.rodata) } __param : AT(ADDR(__param) - 0) { __start___param = .; *(__param) __stop___param = .; . = ALIGN((4096)); __end_rodata = .; } . = ALIGN((4096));
_etext = .;
/* End of text and rodata section */
/*
* Stack unwinding tables
*/
. = ALIGN(8);
.ARM.unwind_idx : {
__start_unwind_idx = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__stop_unwind_idx = .;
}
.ARM.unwind_tab : {
__start_unwind_tab = .;
*(.ARM.extab*)
__stop_unwind_tab = .;
}
. = ALIGN(8192);
__data_loc = .;
.data : AT(__data_loc) {
_data = .;
/* address in memory */
/*
* first, the init task union, aligned
* to an 8192 byte boundary.
*/
*(.data.init_task)
. = ALIGN(4096);
__nosave_begin = .;
*(.data.nosave)
. = ALIGN(4096);
__nosave_end = .;
/*
* then the cacheline aligned data
*/
. = ALIGN(32);
*(.data.cacheline_aligned)
/*
* The exception fixup table (might need resorting at runtime)
*/
. = ALIGN(32);
__start___ex_table = .;
*(__ex_table)
__stop___ex_table = .;
/*
* and the usual data section
*/
*(.data) *(.
ref
.data) *(.devinit.data) *(.devexit.data) . = ALIGN(8); __start___markers = .; *(__markers) __stop___markers = .; . = ALIGN(32); __start___tracepoints = .; *(__tracepoints) __stop___tracepoints = .; . = ALIGN(8); __start___verbose = .; *(__verbose) __stop___verbose = .;
CONSTRUCTORS
_edata = .;
}
_edata_loc = __data_loc + SIZEOF(.data);
.bss : {
__bss_start = .;
/* BSS */
*(.bss)
*(COMMON)
_end = .;
}
/* Stabs debugging sections. */
.stab 0 : { *(.stab) }
.stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) }
.stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) }
.stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) }
.stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) }
.stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
.comment 0 : { *(.comment) }
}
/*
* These must never be empty
* If you have to comment these two assert statements out, your
* binutils is too old (for other reasons as well)
*/
ASSERT((__proc_info_end - __proc_info_begin),
"missing CPU support"
)
ASSERT((__arch_info_end - __arch_info_begin),
"no machine record defined"
)
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