11gR2之前的版本中,当创建一张表时,会自动分配段空间,这样做有几个弊端:1. 初始创建表时就需要分配空间,自然会占用一些时间,如果初始化多张表,这种影响就被放大。2. 如果很多表开始的一段时间都不需要,那么就会浪费这些空间。为此,从11gR2开始,有一种新特性,叫延迟段,即延迟分配段空间。简单讲,默认将表(以及索引、LOB)的物理空间分配推迟到第一条记录插入到表中时。即有实际的数据插入表中时,再为每个对象初始化空间分配。其中11.2.0.1不支持分区表 、bitmap join indexes和domain indexes。11.2.0.2版本开始支持分区表。注:使用特性的前提是COMPATIBLE参数是11.2.0及以上。 实验:1. 首先我们看下11g之前版本对表空间时段空间的分配: SQL> select version from v$instance; VERSION ----------------- 10.2.0.4.0 SQL> create table tbl_seg(reg_id number, reg_name varchar2(200)); Table created. SQL> select count(*) from user_segments where segment_name="TBL_SEG"; COUNT(*) ---------- 1
SQL> select count(*) from user_extents where segment_name="TBL_SEG"; COUNT(*) ---------- 1 SQL> select segment_name, segment_type, bytes, blocks, extents, initial_extent, next_extent, max_extents 2 from user_segments where segment_name="TBL_SEG"; SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE BYTES BLOCKS EXTENTS INITIAL_EXTENT NEXT_EXTENT MAX_EXTENTS ----------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ----------- --------------------- ----------------- ------------------ TBL_SEG TABLE 65536 8 1 65536 2147483645 可以看到,TBL_SEG表创建后,user_segments和user_extents已经有记录了,说明已经为TBL_SEG分配了段和区的空间。1个EXTENTS的大小是64K。 2、接下来看下11g的分配: [Oracle@riserver1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Aug 4 07:53:24 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> select version from v$instance; VERSION ----------------- 11.2.0.1.0 SQL> create table tbl_seg(reg_id number, reg_name varchar2(200)); Table created.
SQL> select count(*) from user_segments where segment_name="TBL_SEG"; COUNT(*) ---------- 1
SQL> select count(*) from user_extents where segment_name="TBL_SEG"; COUNT(*) ---------- 1
为什么仍分配了呢?IOTs and other special tables like clustered tables, global temporary tables, session-specific temporary tables, internal tables, typed tables, AQ tables, external tablesare not supported. Tables owned by SYS,SYSTEM, PUBLIC, OUTLN, and XDB are also excluded.这里解释了原因,SYS的表是不能使用延迟段的,因此创建时还是立即分配段空间。那么接下来使用非系统账户建表: SQL> create user user01 identified by user01;User created. SQL> grant connect, resource to user01; Grant succeeded. [oracle@riserver1 ~]$ sqlplus user01/user01 SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Aug 4 08:32:06 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> show user USER is "USER01" SQL> select username,default_tablespace from user_users; USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESPACE ------------------------------ ------------------------------ USER01 USERS SQL> create table tbl_seg(reg_id number, reg_name varchar2(200)); Table created.
SQL> select count(*) from user_segments where segment_name="TBL_SEG"; COUNT(*) ---------- 0
SQL> select count(*) from user_extents where segment_name="TBL_SEG"; COUNT(*) ---------- 0 此时可以看到创建表后,段和区是没有分配空间的,那么插入记录: SQL> insert into tbl_seg values(1, "BRDSTN");1 row created.
SQL> select count(*) from user_segments where segment_name="TBL_SEG";
COUNT(*) ---------- 1
SQL> select count(*) from user_extents where segment_name="TBL_SEG";
COUNT(*) ---------- 1 可以看到段和区已经分配了空间,user_segments和user_extents表均有了TBL_SEG对应的记录。 3. 禁用延迟段:可以禁用延迟段,是否使用延迟段是由DEFERRED_SEGMENT_CREATION参数定义的,该参数可以在会话级别修改,如果想彻??删除延迟段,可以在spfile中修改,本次以及下次启动后就会一直生效了,例如:SQL> alter session set DEFERRED_SEGMENT_CREATION=false;Session altered.